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HTML4 or HMLT5 in 2023?
HTML5 is supported by major email clients in 2023, according to caniemail.com, except Outlook on Windows machines. We still need attributes for VML (Vector Markup Language) in 2023.
Litmus developer was using HTML5 doctype in 2019, but I can't be 100% sure if it works well with Outlook on Windows.
https://github.com/rodriguezcommaj/frontendmasters/tree/master/Code%20Examples
His HTML email doctype is as simple as this.
<!-- is this safe in 2023??? -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">And also this is about xmlns:v and xmlns:o
The xmlns:v and xmlns:o attributes are used for legacy support of Microsoft Office specific elements in HTML emails. They are not required for most modern email clients and can be safely omitted in most cases.
The xmlns:v attribute is used to define the
urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vmlnamespace, which is used to support legacy Vector Markup Language (VML) graphics in Microsoft Office documents. This attribute is only necessary if your email contains VML elements.
The xmlns:o attribute is used to define the
urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:officenamespace, which is used to support legacy Microsoft Office-specific elements like o:p, which represents a paragraph mark. This attribute is only necessary if your email contains Office-specific elements.