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REM - REGA DRAM Model

This repository provides the DRAM model used in the paper REGA: Scalable Rowhammer Mitigation with Refresh-Generating Activations that is to appear in the IEEE conference Security & Privacy (S&P) 2023.

REM provides a reliable DRAM model to simulate, among the others: sense amplifiers, bitline loads, wordline rising time. The model is based on real-device values.

Requirements

To simulate REM you will need LTSpice and the transistor models used and imported: 22nm PTM HP and 22nm PTM LP.

The lp nmos file needs to edited and internally renamed to:

.model nmoslp nmos level = 54

Topology

REM includes models to simulate:

  • Sense amplifiers with the capability of overdriving
  • Sub-word line drivers
  • Write drivers
  • Precharge circuit
  • Column select transistors

Transmission-line models of:

  • Local-IOs
  • Main-IOs
  • Sub-word lines
  • Bitlines

The voltage levels used in the model are:

  • VPP = 2.5V
  • VSS = 0V (Array low)
  • VPERI = 1.1V (Write voltage)
  • VARY = 1.0V (Array high). This is the value at which cells are recharged, and referred to as VDD in the paper for simplicity.
  • VEQ = 1.5V (EQ control voltage)
  • VOD = 1.4V (Overdrive)

In the following figure we report the layout of a single MAT with its dimensions:

The file is included in the repository. The lengths are used in the model to compute the various parasitic loads.

Using the LTSpice model

The file REM.asc already contains timing for a basic row activation. This can be used to perform accurate simulations of the DRAM behavior, or to extend DRAM functionalities.

Citing our Work

To cite the REGA, please use the following BibTeX entry:

@inproceedings{marazzi2022rega,
  title={REGA: Scalable Rowhammer Mitigation with Refresh-Generating Activations},
  author={Marazzi, Michele and Solt, Flavien and Jattke, Patrick and Takashi, Kubo and Razavi, Kaveh},
  booktitle={2023 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)},
  pages={2039--2056},
  year={2022},
  organization={IEEE Computer Society}
}

License

All the REM related contributions are licensed under the GNU General Public License version 3.

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REGA Model (REM), an accurate DRAM model.

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