[go] Bump images, dependencies and versions to go 1.22.1 and distroless iptables

[cpanato]

What type of PR is this?

/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it:

• Bump images, dependencies and versions to go 1.22.1 and distroless iptables

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Part of kubernetes/release#3479

/assign @MadhavJivrajani @liggitt @xmudrii @saschagrunert
cc @kubernetes/release-managers

Special notes for your reviewer:

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?

Kubernetes is now built with go 1.22.1

Additional documentation e.g., KEPs (Kubernetes Enhancement Proposals), usage docs, etc.:

[k8s-ci-robot]

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[cpanato]

/assign @MadhavJivrajani @liggitt @xmudrii @saschagrunert

[saschagrunert]

The CI does not seem to be happy with the change.

[cpanato]

/retest

[liggitt]

update-go-workspace.sh verify is failing because it regenerates every time with the current go version and is expecting a diff of go1.22.1. I don't think we want that behavior... the go directive in that file is the minimum, we control our build toolchain version separately. cc @thockin

[liggitt]

fix for the update-go-workspace.sh go stomping in #123759

[cpanato]

fix for the update-go-workspace.sh go stomping in #123759

thank you

[dims]

/approve
/lgtm
/milestone v1.30
/area security

see announcement - https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/5pwGVUPoMbg/m/46oA5yPABQAJ

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: cpanato, dims

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[k8s-ci-robot]

LGTM label has been added.

Git tree hash: 309d017de8cb0270581a5e4bb828cdd4728ebcf5