fix(resolver): Add general support for git-over-protocol URLs (#4759)

**Summary**

Yarn can not handle the `git+https://` dependency format correctly, as described for various versions in #1625. The problem is present in Yarn 1.2.1.

A related problem for `git+ssh://` has been described in #573 and fixed in #3425.

This PR extends the solution from #3425 to use the Git fetcher for any [Git-over-protocol](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-on-the-Server-The-Protocols) URLs.

**Test plan**

Extended the `package-request` unit tests to verify that the correct remote type (git) is used for `git+https://`, while the tarball remote type continues to be used for regular HTTP(S) URLs.

__tests__/package-request.js

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ async function prepareRequest(pattern: string, version: string, resolved: string
   return {request, reporter};
 }
 
-test('Produce valid remote type for a git private dep', async () => {
+test('Produce valid remote type for a git-over-ssh dep', async () => {
   const {request, reporter} = await prepareRequest(
     'private-dep@github:yarnpkg/private-dep#1.0.0',
     '1.0.0',
@@ -45,6 +45,32 @@ test('Produce valid remote type for a git private dep', async () => {
   await reporter.close();
 });
 
+test('Produce valid remote type for a git-over-https dep', async () => {
+  const {request, reporter} = await prepareRequest(
+    'public-dep@yarnpkg/public-dep#1.0.0',
+    '1.0.0',
+    'git+https://github.com/yarnpkg/public-dep#1fde368',
+  );
+
+  expect(request.getLocked('git')._remote.type).toBe('git');
+  expect(request.getLocked('tarball')._remote.type).toBe('git');
+
+  await reporter.close();
+});
+
+test('Produce valid remote type for a git public dep', async () => {
+  const {request, reporter} = await prepareRequest(
+    'public-dep@yarnpkg/public-dep#1fde368',
+    '1.0.0',
+    'https://codeload.github.com/yarnpkg/public-dep/tar.gz/1fde368',
+  );
+
+  expect(request.getLocked('git')._remote.type).toBe('git');
+  expect(request.getLocked('tarball')._remote.type).toBe('tarball');
+
+  await reporter.close();
+});
+
 test('Check parentNames flowing in the request', async () => {
   const {request: parentRequest, reporter: parentReporter} = await prepareRequest(
     'parent@1.0.0',
@@ -63,16 +89,3 @@ test('Check parentNames flowing in the request', async () => {
   await parentReporter.close();
   await childReporter.close();
 });
-
-test('Produce valid remote type for a git public dep', async () => {
-  const {request, reporter} = await prepareRequest(
-    'public-dep@yarnpkg/public-dep#1fde368',
-    '1.0.0',
-    'https://codeload.github.com/yarnpkg/public-dep/tar.gz/1fde368',
-  );
-
-  expect(request.getLocked('git')._remote.type).toBe('git');
-  expect(request.getLocked('tarball')._remote.type).toBe('tarball');
-
-  await reporter.close();
-});

src/package-request.js

@@ -60,8 +60,9 @@ export default class PackageRequest {
 
     if (shrunk && shrunk.resolved) {
       const resolvedParts = versionUtil.explodeHashedUrl(shrunk.resolved);
-      // If it's a private git url set remote to 'git'.
-      const preferredRemoteType = resolvedParts.url.startsWith('git+ssh://') ? 'git' : remoteType;
+
+      // Detect Git protocols (git://HOST/PATH or git+PROTOCOL://HOST/PATH)
+      const preferredRemoteType = /^git(\+[a-z0-9]+)?:\/\//.test(resolvedParts.url) ? 'git' : remoteType;
 
       return {
         name: shrunk.name,