deduce

Deduce 3.0.0 is out! It is way more accurate, and faster too. It's fully backward compatible, but some functionality is scheduled for removal, read more about it here: docs/migrating-to-v3

• ✨ Remove sensitive information from clinical text written in Dutch
• 🔍 Rule based logic for detecting e.g. names, locations, institutions, identifiers, phone numbers
• 📐 Useful out of the box, but customization higly recommended
• 🌱 Originally validated in Menger et al. (2017), but further optimized since

❗ Deduce is useful out of the box, but please validate and customize on your own data before using it in a critical environment. Remember that de-identification is almost never perfect, and that clinical text often contains other specific details that can link it to a specific person. Be aware that de-identification should primarily be viewed as a way to mitigate risk of identification, rather than a way to obtain anonymous data.

Currently, deduce can remove the following types of Protected Health Information (PHI):

• 👤 person names, including prefixes and initials
• 🌎 geographical locations smaller than a country
• 🏥 names of hospitals and healthcare institutions
• 📆 dates (combinations of day, month and year)
• 🎂 ages
• 🔢 BSN numbers
• 🔢 identifiers (7+ digits without a specific format, e.g. patient identifiers, AGB, BIG)
• ☎️ phone numbers
• 📧 e-mail addresses
• 🔗 URLs

Citing

If you use deduce, please cite the following paper:

Menger, V.J., Scheepers, F., van Wijk, L.M., Spruit, M. (2017). DEDUCE: A pattern matching method for automatic de-identification of Dutch medical text, Telematics and Informatics, 2017, ISSN 0736-5853

Installation

pip install deduce

Getting started

The basic way to use deduce, is to pass text to the deidentify method of a Deduce object:

from deduce import Deduce

deduce = Deduce()

text = (
    "betreft: Jan Jansen, bsn 111222333, patnr 000334433. De patient J. Jansen is 64 jaar oud en woonachtig in "
    "Utrecht. Hij werd op 10 oktober 2018 door arts Peter de Visser ontslagen van de kliniek van het UMCU. "
    "Voor nazorg kan hij worden bereikt via j.JNSEN.123@gmail.com of (06)12345678."
)

doc = deduce.deidentify(text)

The output is available in the Document object:

from pprint import pprint

pprint(doc.annotations)

AnnotationSet({
    Annotation(text="(06)12345678", start_char=272, end_char=284, tag="telefoonnummer"),
    Annotation(text="111222333", start_char=25, end_char=34, tag="bsn"),
    Annotation(text="Peter de Visser", start_char=153, end_char=168, tag="persoon"),
    Annotation(text="j.JNSEN.123@gmail.com", start_char=247, end_char=268, tag="email"),
    Annotation(text="patient J. Jansen", start_char=56, end_char=73, tag="patient"),
    Annotation(text="Jan Jansen", start_char=9, end_char=19, tag="patient"),
    Annotation(text="10 oktober 2018", start_char=127, end_char=142, tag="datum"),
    Annotation(text="64", start_char=77, end_char=79, tag="leeftijd"),
    Annotation(text="000334433", start_char=42, end_char=51, tag="id"),
    Annotation(text="Utrecht", start_char=106, end_char=113, tag="locatie"),
    Annotation(text="UMCU", start_char=202, end_char=206, tag="instelling"),
})

print(doc.deidentified_text)

"""betreft: [PERSOON-1], bsn [BSN-1], patnr [ID-1]. De [PERSOON-1] is [LEEFTIJD-1] jaar oud en woonachtig in 
[LOCATIE-1]. Hij werd op [DATUM-1] door arts [PERSOON-2] ontslagen van de kliniek van het [INSTELLING-1]. 
Voor nazorg kan hij worden bereikt via [EMAIL-1] of [TELEFOONNUMMER-1]."""

Additionally, if the names of the patient are known, they may be added as metadata, where they will be picked up by deduce:

from deduce.person import Person

patient = Person(first_names=["Jan"], initials="JJ", surname="Jansen")
doc = deduce.deidentify(text, metadata={'patient': patient})

print (doc.deidentified_text)

"""betreft: [PATIENT], bsn [BSN-1], patnr [ID-1]. De [PATIENT] is [LEEFTIJD-1] jaar oud en woonachtig in 
[LOCATIE-1]. Hij werd op [DATUM-1] door arts [PERSOON-2] ontslagen van de kliniek van het [INSTELLING-1]. 
Voor nazorg kan hij worden bereikt via [EMAIL-1] of [TELEFOONNUMMER-1]."""

As you can see, adding known names keeps references to [PATIENT] in text. It also increases recall, as not all known names are contained in the lookup lists.

Versions

For most cases the latest version is suitable, but some specific milestones are:

• 3.0.0 - Many optimizations in accuracy, smaller refactors, further speedups
• 2.0.0 - Major refactor, with speedups, many new options for customizing, functionally very similar to original
• 1.0.8 - Small bugfixes compared to original release
• 1.0.1 - Original release with Menger et al. (2017)

Detailed versioning information is accessible in the changelog.

Documentation

All documentation, including a more extensive tutorial on using, configuring and modifying deduce, and its API, is available at: docs/tutorial

Contributing

For setting up the dev environment and contributing guidelines, see: docs/contributing

Authors

• Vincent Menger - Initial work
• Jonathan de Bruin - Code review
• Pablo Mosteiro - Bug fixes, structured annotations

License

This project is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3.0 - see the LICENSE.md file for details