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@t header
<style>
.vreview {
max-height: 160px;
overflow: hidden;
position: relative;
min-width: 290px !important;
margin-top: 1px !important;
}
.vreview a {
line-height:40px;
}
/*
.vreview::after {
content: '...';
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
background: white;
padding-left: 5px;
display: block;
}
*/
/*.vreview:hover,*/
.vreview:focus {
max-height: none;
overflow: visible;
}
/*.vreview:hover::after,*/
.vreview:focus::after {
display: none;
}
</style>
<!--
BUILTIN TESTING
V LANGUAGE SERVER
-->
<div class='content landing'>
<div class='hero'>
<div class='info'>
<h1 style='font-size:1.85em'>The V Programming Language 0.4 <span style='background: #4a607e; border-radius: 20px; color: #fff; font-size: 50%; padding: 3px 7px 3px 7px; position: relative; top: -15px;' class='version_beta'>beta</span></h1>
<p>Simple, fast, safe, compiled. For developing maintainable software.</p>
<a class='button' target=_blank href="https://github.com/vlang/v">
<svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-github fa-w-16" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="github" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"></path></svg>
<div class='text'>
<span class='link'>github.com/vlang/v</span>
<span class='details'><svg viewBox='0 0 14 16' version='1.1' width='12' height='14' aria-hidden='true'><path fill-rule='evenodd' d='M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74L14 6z' /></svg>35k</span>
</div>
</a>
<div class='button' style="background: #4a607e">
<a id="dl-a" href="https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_linux.zip" style="display: flex; color: #eee">
<svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-windows fa-w-14" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="windows" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 93.7l183.6-25.3v177.4H0V93.7zm0 324.6l183.6 25.3V268.4H0v149.9zm203.8 28L448 480V268.4H203.8v177.9zm0-380.6v180.1H448V32L203.8 65.7z"></path></svg>
<div class='text'>
<span class='link' id='dl-name'>Download for Linux</span>
<span class='details' id='dl-size'>v0.4.x - 12.7MB</span>
</div>
</a>
<div class='options-container' tabindex="0">
<img class='right-icon' src='/img/down.png' />
<div class='options'>
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_linux.zip" class='dl-option' id='dl_linux'>
<svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-linux fa-w-14" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="linux" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M220.8 123.3c1 .5 1.8 1.7 3 1.7 1.1 0 2.8-.4 2.9-1.5.2-1.4-1.9-2.3-3.2-2.9-1.7-.7-3.9-1-5.5-.1-.4.2-.8.7-.6 1.1.3 1.3 2.3 1.1 3.4 1.7zm-21.9 1.7c1.2 0 2-1.2 3-1.7 1.1-.6 3.1-.4 3.5-1.6.2-.4-.2-.9-.6-1.1-1.6-.9-3.8-.6-5.5.1-1.3.6-3.4 1.5-3.2 2.9.1 1 1.8 1.5 2.8 1.4zM420 403.8c-3.6-4-5.3-11.6-7.2-19.7-1.8-8.1-3.9-16.8-10.5-22.4-1.3-1.1-2.6-2.1-4-2.9-1.3-.8-2.7-1.5-4.1-2 9.2-27.3 5.6-54.5-3.7-79.1-11.4-30.1-31.3-56.4-46.5-74.4-17.1-21.5-33.7-41.9-33.4-72C311.1 85.4 315.7.1 234.8 0 132.4-.2 158 103.4 156.9 135.2c-1.7 23.4-6.4 41.8-22.5 64.7-18.9 22.5-45.5 58.8-58.1 96.7-6 17.9-8.8 36.1-6.2 53.3-6.5 5.8-11.4 14.7-16.6 20.2-4.2 4.3-10.3 5.9-17 8.3s-14 6-18.5 14.5c-2.1 3.9-2.8 8.1-2.8 12.4 0 3.9.6 7.9 1.2 11.8 1.2 8.1 2.5 15.7.8 20.8-5.2 14.4-5.9 24.4-2.2 31.7 3.8 7.3 11.4 10.5 20.1 12.3 17.3 3.6 40.8 2.7 59.3 12.5 19.8 10.4 39.9 14.1 55.9 10.4 11.6-2.6 21.1-9.6 25.9-20.2 12.5-.1 26.3-5.4 48.3-6.6 14.9-1.2 33.6 5.3 55.1 4.1.6 2.3 1.4 4.6 2.5 6.7v.1c8.3 16.7 23.8 24.3 40.3 23 16.6-1.3 34.1-11 48.3-27.9 13.6-16.4 36-23.2 50.9-32.2 7.4-4.5 13.4-10.1 13.9-18.3.4-8.2-4.4-17.3-15.5-29.7zM223.7 87.3c9.8-22.2 34.2-21.8 44-.4 6.5 14.2 3.6 30.9-4.3 40.4-1.6-.8-5.9-2.6-12.6-4.9 1.1-1.2 3.1-2.7 3.9-4.6 4.8-11.8-.2-27-9.1-27.3-7.3-.5-13.9 10.8-11.8 23-4.1-2-9.4-3.5-13-4.4-1-6.9-.3-14.6 2.9-21.8zM183 75.8c10.1 0 20.8 14.2 19.1 33.5-3.5 1-7.1 2.5-10.2 4.6 1.2-8.9-3.3-20.1-9.6-19.6-8.4.7-9.8 21.2-1.8 28.1 1 .8 1.9-.2-5.9 5.5-15.6-14.6-10.5-52.1 8.4-52.1zm-13.6 60.7c6.2-4.6 13.6-10 14.1-10.5 4.7-4.4 13.5-14.2 27.9-14.2 7.1 0 15.6 2.3 25.9 8.9 6.3 4.1 11.3 4.4 22.6 9.3 8.4 3.5 13.7 9.7 10.5 18.2-2.6 7.1-11 14.4-22.7 18.1-11.1 3.6-19.8 16-38.2 14.9-3.9-.2-7-1-9.6-2.1-8-3.5-12.2-10.4-20-15-8.6-4.8-13.2-10.4-14.7-15.3-1.4-4.9 0-9 4.2-12.3zm3.3 334c-2.7 35.1-43.9 34.4-75.3 18-29.9-15.8-68.6-6.5-76.5-21.9-2.4-4.7-2.4-12.7 2.6-26.4v-.2c2.4-7.6.6-16-.6-23.9-1.2-7.8-1.8-15 .9-20 3.5-6.7 8.5-9.1 14.8-11.3 10.3-3.7 11.8-3.4 19.6-9.9 5.5-5.7 9.5-12.9 14.3-18 5.1-5.5 10-8.1 17.7-6.9 8.1 1.2 15.1 6.8 21.9 16l19.6 35.6c9.5 19.9 43.1 48.4 41 68.9zm-1.4-25.9c-4.1-6.6-9.6-13.6-14.4-19.6 7.1 0 14.2-2.2 16.7-8.9 2.3-6.2 0-14.9-7.4-24.9-13.5-18.2-38.3-32.5-38.3-32.5-13.5-8.4-21.1-18.7-24.6-29.9s-3-23.3-.3-35.2c5.2-22.9 18.6-45.2 27.2-59.2 2.3-1.7.8 3.2-8.7 20.8-8.5 16.1-24.4 53.3-2.6 82.4.6-20.7 5.5-41.8 13.8-61.5 12-27.4 37.3-74.9 39.3-112.7 1.1.8 4.6 3.2 6.2 4.1 4.6 2.7 8.1 6.7 12.6 10.3 12.4 10 28.5 9.2 42.4 1.2 6.2-3.5 11.2-7.5 15.9-9 9.9-3.1 17.8-8.6 22.3-15 7.7 30.4 25.7 74.3 37.2 95.7 6.1 11.4 18.3 35.5 23.6 64.6 3.3-.1 7 .4 10.9 1.4 13.8-35.7-11.7-74.2-23.3-84.9-4.7-4.6-4.9-6.6-2.6-6.5 12.6 11.2 29.2 33.7 35.2 59 2.8 11.6 3.3 23.7.4 35.7 16.4 6.8 35.9 17.9 30.7 34.8-2.2-.1-3.2 0-4.2 0 3.2-10.1-3.9-17.6-22.8-26.1-19.6-8.6-36-8.6-38.3 12.5-12.1 4.2-18.3 14.7-21.4 27.3-2.8 11.2-3.6 24.7-4.4 39.9-.5 7.7-3.6 18-6.8 29-32.1 22.9-76.7 32.9-114.3 7.2zm257.4-11.5c-.9 16.8-41.2 19.9-63.2 46.5-13.2 15.7-29.4 24.4-43.6 25.5s-26.5-4.8-33.7-19.3c-4.7-11.1-2.4-23.1 1.1-36.3 3.7-14.2 9.2-28.8 9.9-40.6.8-15.2 1.7-28.5 4.2-38.7 2.6-10.3 6.6-17.2 13.7-21.1.3-.2.7-.3 1-.5.8 13.2 7.3 26.6 18.8 29.5 12.6 3.3 30.7-7.5 38.4-16.3 9-.3 15.7-.9 22.6 5.1 9.9 8.5 7.1 30.3 17.1 41.6 10.6 11.6 14 19.5 13.7 24.6zM173.3 148.7c2 1.9 4.7 4.5 8 7.1 6.6 5.2 15.8 10.6 27.3 10.6 11.6 0 22.5-5.9 31.8-10.8 4.9-2.6 10.9-7 14.8-10.4s5.9-6.3 3.1-6.6-2.6 2.6-6 5.1c-4.4 3.2-9.7 7.4-13.9 9.8-7.4 4.2-19.5 10.2-29.9 10.2s-18.7-4.8-24.9-9.7c-3.1-2.5-5.7-5-7.7-6.9-1.5-1.4-1.9-4.6-4.3-4.9-1.4-.1-1.8 3.7 1.7 6.5z"></path></svg>
<span class='name'>Linux</span>
<span class='size'>12.7MB</span>
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_macos_arm64.zip" class='dl-option' id='dl_macos'>
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<span class='name'>macOS (Apple Silicon)</span>
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<span class='name'>macOS (Intel)</span>
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</a>
<a target=_blank href='https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=vlanguage.vscode-vlang'><img width=27 src='/img/vscode.png'></a>
<a target=_blank href='https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/24183-vlang'><img width=27 src='/img/intellij.png'></a>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/ollykel/v-vim'><img width=27 src='/img/vim.png'></a>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/damon-kwok/v-mode'><img width=27 src='/img/emacs.png'></a>
<!--
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/oversoul/vlang-sublime'><img width=27 src='/img/sublime.png'></a>
-->
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/elliotchance/vlang-sublime'><img width=27 src='/img/sublime.png'></a>
</div>
<div style='margin:12px'>
<a target=_blank href='https://twitter.com/v_language'>
<img src='https://camo.githubusercontent.com/94c8dbc619b6c99e6e3dde9ba8ce4550b1629324bb72d3acfd52c9ebf13cd967/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f666f6c6c6f772d253430765f6c616e67756167652d3144413146323f6c6f676f3d78267374796c653d666c6174266c6f676f436f6c6f723d776869746526636f6c6f723d316461316632'>
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-->
</a>
<a target=_blank href='https://discord.gg/vlang'>
<img src='https://img.shields.io/discord/592103645835821068?logo=discord&label=Discord'>
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<img src='https://camo.githubusercontent.com/6c33b3fd882c28b844cc7970053244660b857100/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f646973636f72642f3539323130333634353833353832313036383f6c6162656c3d446973636f7264266c6f676f3d646973636f7264266c6f676f436f6c6f723d7768697465'>
-->
</a>
</div>
</div>
<a class='book' href='https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1839213434' target='_blank'>
<img style='width:155px' src='/img/book.jpg'> <br>
The first printed book on V!
</a>
<a class='book' style='top: 280px;' href='https://novapublishers.com/shop/randomness-revisited-using-the-v-programming-language' target='_blank'>
<img style='width:155px' src='/img/book2.jpg'> <br>
The 2nd printed book on V.
</a>
<div class='examples'>
<div style="width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden; margin-bottom: -22px;">
<a target=_blank href='https://my-store-7564322.creator-spring.com/'><img style="width: 200px; margin:0; padding: 0; float: right; right: -20px; z-index: 2; position: relative" src="/img/veasel.png"></a>
</div>
<div class='codeblock' id="codeblock_99404097">
<div class='titlebar separator'>
<div class='flex'></div>
</div>
<pre class="hello_devs" id=ex1>fn main() {
areas := ['game', 'web', 'tools', 'science', 'systems',
'embedded', 'drivers', 'GUI', 'mobile']
for area in areas {
println('Hello, ${area} developers!')
}
}</pre>
<pre class="hello_devs" id=ex2 style='display:none'>
// Print file lines that start with "DEBUG:"
import os
// `read_file` returns an optional (`?string`), it must be checked
text := os.read_file('app.log') or {
// `err` is a special variable that contains the error
// in `or {}` blocks
eprintln('failed to read the file: ${err}')
return
}
lines := text.split_into_lines()
for line in lines {
if line.starts_with('DEBUG:') {
println(line)
}
}
</pre>
<pre class="hello_devs" id=ex3 style='display:none'>
import time
import net.http
resp := http.get('https://vlang.io/utc_now') or {
println('failed to fetch data from the server')
return
}
t := time.unix(resp.body.int())
println(t.format()) // 2019-08-16 17:48
</pre>
<pre class="hello_devs" id=ex4 style='display:none'>
import json
struct User {
name string
age int
mut:
is_registered bool
}
fn main() {
s := '[{"name":"Frodo", "age":25}, {"name":"Bobby", "age":10}]'
mut users := json.decode([]User, s) or {
eprintln('Failed to parse json')
return
}
for user in users {
println('${user.name}: ${user.age}')
}
println('')
for i, mut user in users {
println('${i}) ${user.name}')
if !user.can_register() {
println('Cannot register ${user.name}, they are too young')
continue
}
// `user` is declared as `mut` in the for loop,
// modifying it will modify the array
user.register()
}
// Let's encode users again just for fun
println('')
println(json.encode(users))
}
fn (u User) can_register() bool {
return u.age >= 16
}
fn (mut u User) register() {
u.is_registered = true
}
</pre>
<pre class="hello_devs" id=ex5 style='display:none'>
import arrays
keys := ['accept', 'Accept', 'ACCEPT', 'Content-Type', 'content-type']
unique_lowercase_keys := arrays.uniq(keys.map(it.to_lower()))
println(unique_lowercase_keys) // ['accept', 'content-type']
</pre>
</div>
<select id="select" onchange="change_ex()" style="margin-top:5px">
<option value="1">Hello world</option>
<option value="2">Filter log file</option>
<option value="3">HTTP + time</option>
<option value="4">JSON encoding/decoding</option>
<option value="5">Unique lowercase HTTP keys (map + uniq demo)</option>
<!--
<option value="5">Built-in ORM</option>
-->
</select>
<script>
var ex_id = 1;
const nr_exs = 6;
function prev() {
ex_id--;
if (ex_id < 1) ex_id = nr_exs;
update_ex()
}
function next() {
ex_id++;
if (ex_id > nr_exs) ex_id = 1;
update_ex()
}
function update_ex() {
var elems = document.querySelectorAll('.hello_devs');
for (var index = 0 ; index < elems.length; index++) {
elems[index].style.display = 'none';
}
document.getElementById('ex' + ex_id).style.display = 'table-cell';
if (ex_id <= 3) {
document.getElementById('ex' + ex_id).style.fontSize = '100%';
}
else {
document.getElementById('ex' + ex_id).style.fontSize = '80%';
}
var select = document.getElementById("select") ;
select.value = ex_id;
getAjax('/next')
}
function change_ex() {
var select = document.getElementById("select") ;
ex_id = select.value - 1;
next();
}
function tokenize_codeblock_99404097 (e) {
Tokenizer(e.target.value).then(function(tokens) {
document.getElementById("codeblock_hl_04227451").innerHTML = tokens
.map(function(token) { return `<span class='${token.type}'>${token.value}</span>` })
.join('')
})
}
document.getElementById("codeblock_ta_39322469").oninput = tokenize_codeblock_99404097
tokenize_codeblock_99404097({target:{value: document.getElementById("codeblock_ta_39322469").value}})
document.getElementById("codeblock_rb_13318017").onauxclick = function(e) {
localStorage.setItem('sandbox-code', document.getElementById("codeblock_ta_39322469").value)
}
document.getElementById("codeblock_rb_13318017").onclick = function(e) {
if (location.pathname === 'https://v-wasm.vercel.app') e.preventDefault()
var codeblock_value = document.getElementById("codeblock_ta_39322469").value
localStorage.setItem('sandbox-code', codeblock_value)
}
</script>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<section class="section news">
<header class="news_header">
<h1>Latest news & <a target=_blank href='https://vlang.veery.cc/blog'><img style='position:relative;top:5px' src='/img/veery.jpg' width=30></a> blog posts</h1>
<div style='float:right; position: relative; top: -18px; padding-right:5px;'><a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/ROADMAP.md'>V 1.0 Roadmap </a></div>
</header>
<div class="actual_news">
<img src="/img/arrow-left.png" class="left" onclick="leftScroll()">
<div class="container">
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
May 20, 2024
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/tag/0.4.6'>V 0.4.6 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
Mar 20, 2024
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/tag/0.4.5'>V 0.4.5 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
Jan 9, 2024
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/tag/0.4.4'>V 0.4.4 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
Nov 11, 2023
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/tag/0.4.3'>V 0.4.3 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
Sep 30, 2023
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/tag/0.4.2'>V 0.4.2 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
Sep 3, 2023
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/tag/0.4.1'>V 0.4.1 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
July 1, 2023
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://vlang.veery.cc/post/725/v-0.4-is-out'>V 0.4 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
June 29, 2023
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/tag/0.3.5'>V 0.3.5 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
April 30, 2023
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/tag/0.3.4'>V 0.3.4 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
April 17, 2023
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://vlang.veery.cc/post/723/Getting-Started-with-V'>Getting Started with V</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
January 30, 2023
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/tag/0.3.3'>V 0.3.3 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
October 31, 2022
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/tag/0.3.2'>V 0.3.2 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
August 31, 2022
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/tag/0.3.1'>V 0.3.1 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
June 30, 2022
</div>
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/discussions/14895'>V 0.3 is out!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
June 22, 2022
</div>
<div>
C2V is out! Demo video:
<a target=_blank href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oXrz3oRoEg'>
translating DOOM from C to V, building it under a second and running it!</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
June 10, 2022
</div>
<div>
V has appeared on
<a target=_blank href="https://twitter.com/v_language/status/1535291800717500416">RedMonk Q122 Programming Language Rankings</a>.
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
June 9, 2022
</div>
<div>
As of today, programs built with the V compiler no longer leak memory by default.
</div>
</div>
<div class="block">
<div class='news_date'>
May 29, 2022
</div>
<div>
7000 pull requests have been merged!
</div>
</div>
<img src="/img/arrow-right.png" class="right" onclick="rightScroll()">
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id='reviews' class="section news vreviews_news" style="margin-top:25px !important;">
<header class="news_header">
<h1>What developers say about V</h1>
</header>
<div class="actual_news">
<img src="/img/arrow-left.png" class="left" onclick="leftScrollReviews()">
<div class="container">
<div class="block vreview">
I'm mostly surprised by how many things "just work".
Channels and closures made implementing asynchronous callbacks for C functions such a breeze.
Thanks for that! 😄
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/discussions/7610#discussioncomment-9486329'>Joel L.</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
<!-- Since you are contemplating picking up a compiled language, I'll briefly share my experience. -->Been programming for around 30 years. Have done some C/C++, VB, and lots of Delphi years ago. Then PHP/Ruby for over 15 years. Bash, Python too. Recently I've wanted to start using a compiled language for reasons, and have looked at Rust, Go, and a couple others. I stumbled upon V a few weeks ago and have been very surprised by how easy it is to pick up. I am really enjoying writing V and feel like I am already productive. Even to the point I'm now looking at making a small ... <!-- contribution to the language, something I've never done before. IMO, learning V was a great decision.-->
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://discord.com/channels/592103645835821068/592106336838352923/1144221785592709181'>FlibbyJibbit</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
Really like the direction of V, been wondering when this kind of language would pop up.
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://discord.com/channels/592103645835821068/592106336838352923/660514891010015263'>pbarker</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
V is amazing.
Things I like about it:
<li>
Flexibility for operator overloading. (it makes syntax intuitive)
<li>
Compiles directly to C, and I love C
<li>
Flexibility for having and not having garbage collection
<li>
Go concurrency model
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://discord.com/channels/592103645835821068/630144782370471978/1191404948156596274'>visrut</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
I come from a strong Java and Go background and have been playing with Rust.
V looks pretty amazing in terms of readability.
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://discord.com/channels/592103645835821068/592106336838352923/765085510988333086'>Hoss</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
V is amazingly simple!
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://discord.com/channels/592103645835821068/592842126304477184/1124867320108564533'>devsou.com</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
Gotta say that V's syntax is amazing (especially the error handling aspect for me since I strongly dislike Go's error handling approach but liked its other aspects).
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://discord.com/channels/592103645835821068/713909145899630632/1064291940922818651'>Teddy</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
After V, developing a kernel in C results in more bugs, honestly more so because V catches a set of bugs and memory leakage that C simply doesn't.
<div>
<br>
mint, maintainer of Vinix
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
Just want to say thank you for continuing to improve the language. Adding the GC was very nice and I find V my all-time favorite language. Using V is fun due to great syntax and tooling but also makes you a better developer as you try to understand how things work underneath.
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://discord.com/channels/592103645835821068/592106336838352923/831533549617807440'>laotzu</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
Just wanted to say thank you to everyone contributing to V! Before September 2023 I never really coded nor completed any project as the tools I had were less than ideal. In September I started learning V and now I have a really good prototype and a professional developer even reached out to me saying my code was really good! That's why I wanted to thank V and all the contributors 🥰
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://discord.com/channels/592103645835821068/592106336838352923/1241682701686145085'>Sh.a D'eau</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
It's obvious that Alex was able to bring his experience of many other languages to V, giving the language a very solid foundation.
It's difficult for me to list all the positive qualities I like about V because I'm sure I'll forget some. I'll try it anyway.
<li>compilation speed
<li>simplicity (only a few keywords), yet powerful
<li>readability & maintainability
<li>execution performance
<li>cross compilation
...
<!--
<li>builtin safety features
<li>multithreading like go
<li>small compiler with builtin tools for profiling and testing
<li>small executables
<li>easy interoperability with C/C++
<li>very good error management (much better than go)
<li>only one way to write code philosophy
<li>easy and obvious syntax in most cases
<li>achieve as much as possible with as little but at the same time readable code as possible
Thanks again to Alex and the whole team for the hard work and the very impressive result so far. I really hope V gets all the support I think it deserves. In any case, the language is already very powerful and it's fun to develop with it.
-->
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/discussions/7610#discussioncomment-5352952'>InspColumbo</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
Thanks to everyone who contributed to this project. The simplicity of language and the fact that it's compiled makes it number 1 where applicable.
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/discussions/7610#discussioncomment-5672227'>TenTypekMatus</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
I think you do not get enough credit for the amazing language V is. Thank you for your time and effort.
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/discussions/12970#discussioncomment-6396434'>mihaigalos</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="block vreview">
When I stumbled across V, it just 'felt right'.
<div>
<a target=_blank href='https://discord.com/channels/592103645835821068/630144782370471978/1196801467256950916'>chris_debian</a>
</div>
</div>
<img src="/img/arrow-right.png" class="right" onclick="rightScrollReviews()">
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div class="section">
<div class="block">
<h2>%simple_language_for_maintainable_programs</h2>
<p>
You can learn the entire language by going through the
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md'>documentation</a> over a weekend, and in most cases there's only one way to do something.
<p>
This results in simple, readable, and maintainable code.
<p>
Despite being simple, V gives a lot of power to the developer and can be used in pretty much every field, including systems programming, webdev, gamedev, GUI, mobile, science, embedded, tooling, etc.
</p>
<p>
V is very similar to Go. If you know Go, you already know ≈80% of V.
Things V improves on Go: <a target=_blank href='https://vlang.io/compare#go'>vlang.io/compare#go</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="block">
<h2>Safety</h2>
<ul>
<li>Bounds checking</li>
<li>No undefined values</li>
<li>No variable shadowing</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#variables">Immutable variables by default</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#access-modifiers">Immutable structs by default</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#optionresult-types-and-error-handling">Option/Result and mandatory error checks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#sum-types">Sum types</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#generics">Generics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#immutable-function-args-by-default">Immutable function args by default, mutable args have to be marked on call</a></li>
<li>No null <i>(allowed in unsafe code)</i></li>
<li>No undefined behavior <i><b style='color:red'>new!</b></i></li>
<li>No global variables <i>(can be enabled for low level apps like kernels via a flag)</i></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" style="flex-direction: column">
<div class="block">
<h1>Partners & Sponsors</h1>
<div style="margin-top: 16px">
<a target=_blank href="https://threefold.io/">
<img style="height: 175px" src="/img/sponsor_threefold.svg" />
</a>
<a target=_blank href="https://syndica.io/">
<img style="height:175px; margin-left: 20px;" src="/img/sponsor_syndica.jpg?1" />
</a>
<a target=_blank href="https://mx.com/">
<img style="height: 175px" src="/img/sponsor_mx.png" />
</a>
<a target=_blank href="https://whatlab.rip/">
<img style="height: 175px; width:270px;" src="/img/sponsor_whatlab.png" />
</a>
<!--
<a target=_blank href="https://chipnetics.com/">
<img style="height: 175px" src="/img/sponsor_chipnetics.svg" />
</a>
-->
</div>
</div>
<a href="https://github.com/sponsors/medvednikov" target=_blank style="margin: 0 0px 32px 0px; text-align: center">
Become a sponsor via GitHub Sponsors
</a>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="block">
<h2>Performance</h2>
<ul>
<li>C interop without any costs</li>
<li>Minimal amount of allocations</li>
<li>Built-in serialization without runtime reflection</li>
<li>Compiles to native binaries without any dependencies: a simple web server is only about 250 KB</li>
<li>As fast as C (V's main backend compiles to human readable C),
with equivalent code.
<br><i>V does introduce some overhead for safety (such as array bounds checking, GC free), but these features can be disabled/bypassed when performance is more important.</i>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="block">
<h2>Fast compilation</h2>
<p>
V compiles ≈80k (Clang backend) and ≈400k (x64 and tcc backends) lines of code per second. <br><i>(Apple M2, no optimization)</i><br/><br/>
V is written in V and compiles itself in under a second (<a target=_blank href='https://twitter.com/v_language/status/1728100507506602332'>0.45s on Mac mini M2</a>).
</p>
<p>
Most of the compiler is still single threaded, so it's going to be 2-3x faster in the future!
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="block">
<h2>Small and easy to build compiler</h2>
<p>
V can be bootstrapped in under a second by compiling its code translated to C with a simple <pre>cc v.c</pre>No libraries or dependencies needed.
<br /><br />
For comparison, space and time required to build each compiler:
</p>
<table>
<tbody><tr><td></td><td>Space </td><td>Build time</td></tr>
<tr><td>Go</td><td>525 MB</td><td>1m 33s</td></tr>
<tr><td>Rust</td><td>30 GB</td><td>45m</td></tr>
<tr><td>GCC</td><td>8 GB</td><td>50m</td></tr>
<tr><td>Clang</td><td>90 GB
<a target="_blank" class="sidenote" href="https://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-April/132028.html">[0]</a>
</td><td>60m</td></tr>
<tr><td>Swift</td><td>70 GB
<a target="_blank" class="sidenote" href="https://github.com/apple/swift/blob/1f9da381dcdef98df2a7313d8729750cbac54f45/README.md#getting-started">[1]</a>
</td><td>90m</td></tr>
<tr><td>V</td><td>< 20 MB
<a target="_blank" class="sidenote" href="https://github.com/vlang/vc/blob/master/v.c">[2]</a>
</td><td><1s</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="block">
<p>Building V in 0.3 seconds and then using the resulting binary to build itself again:</p>
<a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvP6wmcl_Sc' target=_blank>
<img style="width: 90%; margin-left: 0" src='/img/youtube_comp_speed.png'>
</a>
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<iframe width="448" height="252" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pvP6wmcl_Sc" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
-->
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<video looping="true" autoPlay muted src="/img/buildv.mp4" style="width: 80%; margin-left: 10%"></video>
-->
<p>
Try it yourself:
</p>
<code>
wget https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_linux.zip <br>
unzip v_linux && cd v <br>
time ./v self
</code>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="memory">
<div class="block">
<h2>Flexible memory management</h2>
<p>
V avoids doing unnecessary allocations in the first place
by using value types, string buffers, promoting a simple abstraction-free code style.
</p>
<p>
There are 4 ways to manage memory in V.
</p>
<p>
The default is a minimal and a well performing tracing GC.
<!--
until V's autofree engine is production ready.
-->
<p>
The second way is autofree, it can be enabled with <code>-autofree</code>. It takes care of most objects (~90-100%):
the compiler inserts necessary free calls automatically during compilation.
Remaining small percentage of objects is freed via GC.
The developer doesn't need to change anything in their code. "It just works",
like in Python, Go, or Java, except there's no heavy GC tracing everything
or expensive RC for each object. Autofree is still experimental and not production ready yet. That's planned for V 1.0.
</p>
<p>
For developers willing to have more low level control, memory can be managed manually
<!--
autofree can be disabled
-->
with <code>-gc none</code>.
</p>
<!--
<p>
There's also an option to use GC for everything via <code>v -gc boehm</code>.
</p>
-->
<p>
Arena allocation is available via <code>v -prealloc</code>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="block">
<p>
V's autofree demo. All objects are freed during compilation. Running the Ved editor on an 8 MB file with 0 leaks:
</p>
<a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmB8ea8uLsM' target=_blank>
<img style="width: 90%; margin-left: 0" src='/img/youtube_compile_speed.png'>
</a>
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<iframe width="448" height="252" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gmB8ea8uLsM" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
-->
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="block">
<h2>C translation</h2>
<p>V can translate your entire C project and offer you the safety, simplicity, and compilation speed-up (via modules). </p>
<div style="display: flex">
<pre style="margin-right: 36px">v translate file.c
std::vector<std::string> s;
s.push_back("V is ");
s.push_back("awesome");
std::cout << s.size();</pre>
<pre>mut s := []
s << 'V is '
s << 'awesome'
println(s.len)</pre>
</div>
<p>
A blog post about translating DOOM will be published.<br/><br/>
<i>C++ to V translation is at an early stage.</i>
</p>
</div>
<div class="block">
<p>
Translating DOOM from C to V and building it in under a second:
</p>
<a target=_blank href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oXrz3oRoEg'><img src="/img/doom.png" style="width: 80%; margin-left: 0"></a>
<p>
You can read translated code here:
<a target=_blank href='https://github.com/vlang/doom'>github.com/vlang/doom</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="block">
<h2>Hot code reloading</h2>
<p>
Get your changes instantly without recompiling.
<br /><br />
Since you also don't have to get to the state you are working on after every compilation, this can save a lot of precious minutes of your development time.
</p>
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/v/tree/master/examples/hot_reload">github.com/.../examples/hot_reload</a>