Use JSON.parse instead of literal JS for callback formatting (#1370)

Co-authored-by: Lucas Fernandes Nogueira <lucas@tauri.studio>

.changes/json-parse-rpc.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+"tauri-api": patch
+---
+
+Use ``JSON.parse(String.raw`{arg}`)`` for communicating serialized JSON objects and arrays < 1 GB to the Webview from Rust.
+
+https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/json-parse-benchmark

tauri-api/src/rpc.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,72 @@
 use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_json::Value as JsonValue;
 
+/// The information about this is quite limited. On Chrome/Edge and Firefox, [the maximum string size is approximately 1 GB](https://stackoverflow.com/a/34958490).
+///
+/// [From MDN:](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/length#description)
+///
+/// ECMAScript 2016 (ed. 7) established a maximum length of 2^53 - 1 elements. Previously, no maximum length was specified.
+///
+/// In Firefox, strings have a maximum length of 2\*\*30 - 2 (~1GB). In versions prior to Firefox 65, the maximum length was 2\*\*28 - 1 (~256MB).
+pub const MAX_JSON_STR_LEN: usize = usize::pow(2, 30) - 2;
+
+/// Safely transforms & escapes a JSON String -> JSON.parse('{json}')
+//  Single quotes are the fastest string for the JavaScript engine to build.
+//  Directly transforming the string byte-by-byte is faster than a double String::replace()
+pub fn escape_json_parse(mut json: String) -> String {
+  const BACKSLASH_BYTE: u8 = b'\\';
+  const SINGLE_QUOTE_BYTE: u8 = b'\'';
+
+  // Safety:
+  //
+  // Directly mutating the bytes of a String is considered unsafe because you could end
+  // up inserting invalid UTF-8 into the String.
+  //
+  // In this case, we are working with single-byte \ (backslash) and ' (single quotes),
+  // and only INSERTING a backslash in the position proceeding it, which is safe to do.
+  //
+  // Note the debug assertion that checks whether the String is valid UTF-8.
+  // In the test below this assertion will fail if the emojis in the test strings cause problems.
+
+  let bytes: &mut Vec<u8> = unsafe { json.as_mut_vec() };
+  let mut i = 0;
+  while i < bytes.len() {
+    let byte = bytes[i];
+    if matches!(byte, BACKSLASH_BYTE | SINGLE_QUOTE_BYTE) {
+      bytes.insert(i, BACKSLASH_BYTE);
+      i += 1;
+    }
+    i += 1;
+  }
+
+  debug_assert!(String::from_utf8(bytes.to_vec()).is_ok());
+
+  format!("JSON.parse('{}')", json)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_escape_json_parse() {
+  let dangerous_json = String::from(
+    r#"{"test":"don\\🚀🐱‍👤\\'t forget to escape me!🚀🐱‍👤","te🚀🐱‍👤st2":"don't forget to escape me!","test3":"\\🚀🐱‍👤\\\\'''\\\\🚀🐱‍👤\\\\🚀🐱‍👤\\'''''"}"#,
+  );
+
+  let definitely_escaped_dangerous_json = format!(
+    "JSON.parse('{}')",
+    dangerous_json.replace('\\', "\\\\").replace('\'', "\\'")
+  );
+  let escape_single_quoted_json_test = escape_json_parse(dangerous_json);
+
+  let result = r#"JSON.parse('{"test":"don\\\\🚀🐱‍👤\\\\\'t forget to escape me!🚀🐱‍👤","te🚀🐱‍👤st2":"don\'t forget to escape me!","test3":"\\\\🚀🐱‍👤\\\\\\\\\'\'\'\\\\\\\\🚀🐱‍👤\\\\\\\\🚀🐱‍👤\\\\\'\'\'\'\'"}')"#;
+  assert_eq!(definitely_escaped_dangerous_json, result);
+  assert_eq!(escape_single_quoted_json_test, result);
+}
+
 /// Formats a function name and argument to be evaluated as callback.
 ///
+/// This will serialize primitive JSON types (e.g. booleans, strings, numbers, etc.) as JavaScript literals,
+/// but will serialize arrays and objects whose serialized JSON string is smaller than 1 GB as `JSON.parse('...')`
+/// https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/json-parse-benchmark
+///
 /// # Examples
 /// ```
 /// use tauri_api::rpc::format_callback;
@@ -22,20 +86,43 @@ use serde_json::Value as JsonValue;
 /// let cb = format_callback("callback-function-name", serde_json::to_value(&MyResponse {
 ///   value: "some value".to_string()
 /// }).expect("failed to serialize"));
-/// assert!(cb.contains(r#"window["callback-function-name"]({"value":"some value"})"#));
+/// assert!(cb.contains(r#"window["callback-function-name"](JSON.parse('{"value":"some value"}'))"#));
 /// ```
 pub fn format_callback<T: Into<JsonValue>, S: AsRef<str>>(function_name: S, arg: T) -> String {
-  format!(
-    r#"
-      if (window["{fn}"]) {{
-        window["{fn}"]({arg})
-      }} else {{
-        console.warn("[TAURI] Couldn't find callback id {fn} in window. This happens when the app is reloaded while Rust is running an asynchronous operation.")
-      }}
-    "#,
-    fn = function_name.as_ref(),
-    arg = arg.into().to_string()
-  )
+  macro_rules! format_callback {
+    ( $arg:expr ) => {
+      format!(
+        r#"
+          if (window["{fn}"]) {{
+            window["{fn}"]({arg})
+          }} else {{
+            console.warn("[TAURI] Couldn't find callback id {fn} in window. This happens when the app is reloaded while Rust is running an asynchronous operation.")
+          }}
+        "#,
+        fn = function_name.as_ref(),
+        arg = $arg
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  let json_value = arg.into();
+
+  // We should only use JSON.parse('{arg}') if it's an array or object.
+  // We likely won't get any performance benefit from other data types.
+  if matches!(json_value, JsonValue::Array(_) | JsonValue::Object(_)) {
+    let as_str = json_value.to_string();
+
+    // Explicitly drop json_value to avoid storing both the Rust "JSON" and serialized String JSON in memory twice, as <T: Display>.tostring() takes a reference.
+    drop(json_value);
+
+    format_callback!(if as_str.len() < MAX_JSON_STR_LEN {
+      escape_json_parse(as_str)
+    } else {
+      as_str
+    })
+  } else {
+    format_callback!(json_value)
+  }
 }
 
 /// Formats a Result type to its Promise response.
@@ -85,6 +172,10 @@ mod test {
       // call format callback
       let fc = format_callback(f.clone(), a.clone());
       fc.contains(&format!(
+        r#"window["{}"](JSON.parse('{}'))"#,
+        f,
+        serde_json::Value::String(a.clone()),
+      )) || fc.contains(&format!(
         r#"window["{}"]({})"#,
         f,
         serde_json::Value::String(a),