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       id3 - a command line mass tagger

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       id3 [-v] [-m] [-123] [-d] [-t title] [-a artist] [-l album]
	 [-n tracknr] [-y year] [-g genre] [-c comment]
	 [-f template] [-q format] [-D file] [-R] [-M]
	 [-E] [-s size] [-u] [-rFRAME] [-wFRAME data] "filespec"

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       id3  mass tagger is a tool for listing and manipulating ID3 and Lyrics3
       tags in multiple files. It can generate tag fields  from	 the  filename
       and other variables, and/or rename files, using an intuitive syntax.

       id3  currently supports old-style ID3v1 tags, Lyrics3v2, as well as the
       more complex ID3v2 format.  This means its  use	is  limited  to	 audio
       files which use these formats, i.e. MPEG-1 Layer III.

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       Order of the options is only important where specified.

       filespec ...
	      specifies the file(s) to be affected by the command.

	      When using wildcards, enclose the specification in quotes in or-
	      der for pattern matching to work; see SUBSTITUTION below.

       -h, --help
	      show command line help

       -V, --version
	      display version number and copyright

       -v, --verbose
	      be verbose

       -1     process/add ID3v1 tags.

       -2     process/add ID3v2 tags.

       -3     process/add Lyrics3 tags.

	      If more than one tag type is specified, they  are	 all  written,
	      and the left-most one that is found is used for variable substi-
	      tution. If no tag type is specified, id3 will by default attempt
	      to read ID3v2, Lyrics3 and ID3v1 tags in that order, only modify
	      existing ID3v2 and Lyrics3 tags, and modify/add ID3v1 tags.

       -R, --recursive
	      searches recursively; When this is  enabled,  `*'	 wildcards  in
	      filespec will also match against directory separators. Normally,
	      this is not the case.

       -M, --keep-time
	      preserve last modification time of files operated on

       -X, --no-glob
	      disable internal globbing; as a consequence, the pattern	match-
	      ing  functionality  will	not  be available.  Use this switch to
	      force the treatment of filespec arguments as  simple  filenames,
	      which might be useful if id3 is being called by shell scripts or
	      other programs

       --     force the following argument to be interpreted  as  a  filename.
	      Use this for files that start with a `-' (dash).

   Modifying operations
       The default operation of id3 is to list the tags found. By using any of
       the following options, this behaviour is inhibited.

       -d, --delete
	      do not re-use existing tag data. If no new  tag  information  is
	      specified	 in  conjunction  with	this option, all selected tags
	      will be removed.

       -t title,	       --title title
       -a artist,	       --artist artist
       -l album,   -A album,   --album album
       -n tracknr, -T tracknr, --track tracknr
       -y year,		       --year year
       -g genre,	       --genre genre
       -c comment,	       --comment comment

	      add/replace the specified fields in all selected tags  with  the
	      values  given.  Field  values are scanned for substitution vari-
	      ables, see SUBSTITUTION below. If a  field  value	 is  a	single
	      variable, and its substitution fails, no operation is performed.

	      Genres  can  be  specified either verbatim or by using their as-
	      signed number, regardless of tag format.

       -f filename-template, --rename filename-template
	      rename files encountered according  to  filename-template.   The
	      argument	is  scanned for substitution variables. An empty vari-
	      able will by default get replaced with "Unknown".	 Trying to re-
	      name to an already existing file will cause an error.

       -q format, --query format
	      for each file encountered, format will get scanned for substitu-
	      tion variables, and written to standard output. Using  this  op-
	      tion will block any attempt to modify files.

       -m, --match
	      match  mode; interpret any substitution variables (see SUBSTITU-
	      TION below) found in a filespec as a wildcard, and set the  cor-
	      responding tag field to the matched portion of the filename.

	      Thus,    `id3   -m "%a - %t.mp3"'	  is   short-hand   for	  `id3
	      -a %1 -t %2 "* - *.mp3"'.

       -D filename, --duplicate filename
	      duplicate and copy the tags found	 in  filename  to  the	target
	      files.  The  tag in each target file is replaced after any vari-
	      ables have been read, but before any fields are updated.

	      Any original tag values not explicitly written to	 the  new  tag
	      (for  example,  by using -u) are lost. If filename does not have
	      any tags, this option is identical to the -d option.

       -L, --list-genres
	      produces a list of genres usable in ID3v1 tags,  and  their  as-
	      signed numbers

       The  following options only apply on the tag most recently selected be-
       fore them, and only have meaning where relevant.

       -E, --if-exists
	      only write a tag of the most recently selected type  if  a  file
	      already contains it; do not add new ones.

       -u, --update
	      update  all  standard tag fields by copying them from the source
	      tag. This is similar to writing `-talnygc %t %a %l %n %y %g %c',
	      but only operates on the most recent tag. It is possible for the
	      source and destination tag to be the same.

       -s size, --size size
	      try to write a new tag using exactly size bytes, adding / remov-
	      ing padding as necessary. The resulting tag will have no padding
	      if size is smaller than the actual size necessary.

       -rFRAME, --remove=FRAME
	      remove occurrences of frames named FRAME from the	 tag.  Consult
	      the  format  documentation  for  valid  FRAME  names.   For text
	      frames, it is equivalent to `-wFRAME ""'.

       -wFRAME data, --frame=FRAME data
	      add / update a frame named FRAME with data in the	 tag.  data is
	      scanned  for  substitution  variables. Again, consult the format
	      documentation. See COMPATIBILITY for more information.

       Short-form options can be stacked in a single argument for more	conve-
       nience.	For example, running

	  id3 -2d -alt "Artist" "Album" "Title" *.mp3

       is equivalent to:

	  id3 -2 -d -a "Artist" -l "Album" -t "Title" *.mp3

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       id3 can perform "printf-like" substitution on the values prior to writ-
       ing them to a tag. Note that if you want to use pattern	matching,  you
       HAVE  TO	 enclose  the  wildcard	 specification	on the command line in
       quotes to prevent your shell from expanding any wildcards.

       \c     escape sequence. \n, \r, \t, \v, \f, \b, \a, get replaced as  in
	      C,  any other character will be stripped of any special meaning.
	      E.g., \n becomes the newline character, \\ a single backslash.

       %<modifiers>N
	      where N <- [0..9]
	      replaced with the portion of the file path matching the nth  `*'
	      (asterisk)  wildcard  in	the  file specification. 0 is taken to
	      mean 10.

       %<modifiers>c
	      where c <- [a..z]
	      replaced by values according to the following table:

	      %t title
	      %a artist
	      %l album title
	      %n track number
	      %y year
	      %g genre
	      %c comment field
	      %f file name (without path)
	      %p path to filename
	      %x auto-increasing counter
	      %X file counter

	      Values get read (where applicable) from the source tag, which is
	      the  left-most tag selected on the command line, and reflect the
	      state of the file before any modifications  were	made.  If  the
	      source  value  is	 not  available, the variable fails.  "%_p%_f"
	      combines to the raw full path and file name. The "%x" value gets
	      increased every time it has been substituted inside the same di-
	      rectory, and is intended for auto-numbering. "%X" increases  for
	      every file processed.

       %<modifiers>{FRAME}
	      replaced	by  the	 content  of  the  FRAME frame in the selected
	      source tag; any frame writeable with the -w option can be	 used;
	      see COMPATIBILITY for more information.

       %%     replaced with a single "%", equivalent to \%

       %|text||alt text||...|?
	      substituted by the first text that was completely successful, or
	      fails as empty, see fall-backs below. This can  be  used	as  an
	      all-or-nothing substitution. A lone "%?" always fails.

   Available <modifiers> (optional):
       + (plus sign)
	      Capitalize the substituted value

       - (minus sign)
	      Convert all characters to lowercase

       _ (underscore)
	      Use  the	raw  value of the variable. Normally, substitution re-
	      places any underscores with spaces, and condenses	 empty	white-
	      space.

       * (asterisk)
	      Split  the  variable into separate words by looking at the capi-
	      talization.

       # (hash or pound sign)
	      Attempt to fit numeric values in the substituted string to a de-
	      sired width, by removing or adding leading zeros.	 Multiple hash
	      signs can be stacked to indicate the desired width. If there are
	      no numeric values, this modifier has no effect.

       |fall-back|
	      If substitution for a variable fails, attempt fall-back instead.
	      fall-back itself may be empty or contain	other  variables  (in-
	      cluding  other fall-backs). If fall-back contains variables that
	      fail, the fall-back fails and will not be used. If more than one
	      fall-back is provided, successive fall-backs are tried until one
	      succeeds.

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       Here are some examples of using id3 :

       id3 -a "Stallman" -t "Free Software Song" fs_song.mp3"
	      Add a simple tag to a file.

       id3 muzak.mp3
	      List tag information in a file.

       id3 -d *.mp3
	      Removes all ID3v1 tags from all mp3's.

       id3 -2 -1u fs_song.mp3
	      Copy ID3v2 tag to ID3v1 tag in selected file.

       id3 -D source.mp3 -1 -2 dest.mp3
	      Duplicate ID3v1 and ID3v2 tags of source.mp3

       id3 -a "TAFKAT" -n "%1" -t "%+2" "*. *.mp3"
	      Update tag fields similar to this;
		-a "TAFKAT" -n "01" -t "My Song"  "01. my_song.mp3"
		-a "TAFKAT" -n "02" -t "Untitled" "02. untitled.mp3"

       id3 -2 -f "%a - %t.mp3" blaet.mp3
	      Rename file to a standard format, using ID3v2 values.

       id3 -a %t -t %a "*.mp3"
	      Swap artist and title fields in all mp3's.

       id3 -2 -rAPIC -s 0 *.mp3
	      Removes embedded images and padding from all mp3's.

       id3 -2d -u *.mp3
	      Rewrite ID3v2 tag while keeping only the basic fields.

       id3 -2 -wUSLT "foo, bar0alala!0 blaet.mp3
	      Adds an ID3v2 lyric frame to blaet.mp3.

       id3 -v -g alt-rock -alnt "The Author" %1 %2 %3 "Author - */(*) *.mp3"
	      Process multiple directories at once.

       id3 -v -g alt-rock -a "The Author" -m "Author - %l/(%n) %t.mp3"
	      Shorthand for the previous example.

       id3 -2 -c "Was: %_f" -f "%|Nobody|a - %|Untitled (%x)|t.mp3" "*.mp3"
	      Rename with missing values replaced. Saves previous filename in the comments.

       id3 -2 -q "%|%{TPE2}||%{TXXX:ALBUM ARTIST}|?"
	      Tries to print the "album artist" using two possible ID3v2 frames.

       id3 -2 -q "%| %a - %|Untitled|t || %t || %1 |?" "*.mp3"
	      Generate a simple list of songs.

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       The internal pattern matching emulates the normal pattern  matching  of
       "sh". It supports ?, * and [].

       A  shell	 pattern will never match a forward slash ("/") or a dot (".")
       beginning a filename. Wildcards can be used for directories as well (to
       arbitrary depths), in which case a search will be performed.

       In  an  ambiguous  situation, the pattern matcher will always resolve a
       "*" wildcard to the shortest possible sequence of tokens. This  differs
       from  the  behavior  of	regular	 expressions, however it tends to make
       sense in the context of filenames.

       Do NOT add ID3 tags to files for which it does not make sense, i.e, add
       them  only  to  MP3  files. In particular, do not add ID3v2 tags to Ogg
       files, since ID3v2 tags start at the beginning of the file.

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       id3 has a built-in genre list of 192 genres. If you pass the -g parame-
       ter  a  string  instead of a number when using ID3v1, id3 tries to find
       the specified genre in this list,  and  selects	the  closest  possible
       match  (if  any).  For  the  genre  numbers and exact spelling, use the
       --list-genres option.  An empty or invalid genre is assigned the number
       0.

       The ID3v1 format only supports to the ISO-8859-1 (Latin 1) encoding. If
       you need other Unicode characters, you need to use ID3v2 tags.

       When using -2, id3 will write ID3v2.3 by default, unless a file is  al-
       ready  tagged  with  the	 older ID3v2.2. id3 can read ID3v2.4 tags, but
       these will be converted to ID3v2.3 when modified.

       Furthermore, with ID3v2 tags, the -wFRAME option and %{FRAME} substitu-
       tion  only  support the following ID3v2.2 (3 letter)/ID3v2.3 (4 letter)
       frames: T??/T??? (text), W??/W??? (links), COM/COMM (comment), IPL/IPLS
       (involved  people), ULT/USLT (lyrics), CNT/PCNT (numeric play counter),
       POP/POPM (popularimeter) and USER (tos, v2.3 only).  Attempts to	 write
       ID3v2.2 frames to ID3v2.3 or vice versa will be ignored.

       Several	ID3v2  frames  can  be specialized with additional descriptors
       (TXXX, WXXX, COMM, USLT). These can be read or written  using  the  ex-
       tended  syntax -wFRAME:descriptor and %{FRAME:descriptor}.  Descriptors
       are case sensitive and may contain whitespace.	For  frames  that  are
       language-specific  (COMM, USLT), the form FRAME:descriptor:xxx may also
       be used, where xxx is a three letter ISO-639-2  language	 code.	 Which
       descriptors are meaningful is application-specific.

       id3  does  not  support unnecessary ID3v2 features such as compression,
       encryption, or embedding binary data (including image files).

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       Written by Marc R. Schoolderman <info@squell.net>.

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       This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There  is
       NO  warranty;  not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE.

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       Program homepage: https://squell.github.io/id3