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Clean up the MiniscriptKey and ToPublicKey traits #620

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@tcharding tcharding commented Oct 17, 2023

Draft so #666 can go in separately since it is a bug fix and not a clean up.

The rest is clean up, all docs and refactors, except that we remove default implementations from public traits so this is a breaking change - inside the library there are no logic changes.

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And this PR led me to ask: #619

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Yeah, this does look like a bug, though in normal use of the interpreter the Bitcoin consensus rules will protect us. Good catch!

I also believe that in the interpreter context compressedness doesn't matter (because we are letting the consensus rules have full reign, and trying not to impose any further restrictions). But I don't remember exactly where we landed with the interpreter context.

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By "interpreter context" do you mean NoChecks?

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I'm still really struggling to understand these hash types. Conceptually a script hashlock is satisfied by providing the hash pre-image, right? It doesn't have anything to do with a key? Why are they in the MiniscriptKey trait, and why are the conversions done in the ToPublicKey trait?

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Perhaps you can link me (again) to some consumer code of rust-miniscript that flexes these traits because as we use them in rust-miniscript I'm coming up short.

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This is all non-urgent, answer at your leisure please.

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apoelstra commented Oct 18, 2023

I'm still really struggling to understand these hash types. Conceptually a script hashlock is satisfied by providing the hash pre-image, right? It doesn't have anything to do with a key?

Correct, nothing to do with a key.

Why are they in the MiniscriptKey trait, and why are the conversions done in the ToPublicKey trait?

Because otherwise we'd need 5 generics instead of 1, which is especially annoying because most users don't use generic hash preimages.

I certainly agree that this is confusing, to be abusing the pubkey traits as "generic miniscript object" traits. But this reflects that public keys are used overwhelmingly more often than the other Miniscript types. I would love if we could document this more clearly.

Perhaps you can link me (again) to some consumer code of rust-miniscript that flexes these traits because as we use them in rust-miniscript I'm coming up short.

I'm not aware of anybody using hash preimages at all. But Miniscript supports them, and this library therefore needs to support them, and it would be a frustrating and surprising limitation if you could genericize public keys without genericizing hashes.

But for an example of how generic keys are useful, see this file in ICBOC which has a generic "cached public key" type which holds a descriptor, but when needed, queries the hardware wallet (a ~100ms operation) to obtain an actual key.

because as we use them in rust-miniscript I'm coming up short.

Yes, the library itself pretty-much has only the one key type DescriptorPublicKey which roughly corresponds to the pubkeys in the Bitcoin Core wallet. If it weren't for that we wouldn't use these traits internally at all. They're not for internal use, they're for users of the library.

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Ok, cool. Thanks for the explanation man.

The `interpreter::BitcoinKey` uses the default implementation of
`MiniscriptKey`, which means `is_uncompressed` returns `false`. However
if the full key is a `bitcoin::PublicKey` it may be compressed.

Manually implement `MiniscriptKey::is_uncompressed` for `BitcoinKey` and
return the compressedness of the inner full key.
We want to support private keys in descriptors, in preparation improve
the rustdocs on the `MiniscriptKey` trait by doing:

- Use "key" instead of "pukbey".
- Fix the links
- Improve spacing, use header body foramt
Clean up `MiniscriptKey` implementation for `bitcoin::PublicKey`.

- Be uniform, put the trait method implementation below the associated types.
- Trait methods have documentation on the trait, remove the unnecessary
  rustdoc on the implementation.
We can see that the hashes are specified as strings, no need to comment
this.
The `MiniscriptKey` and `ToPublicKey` traits are more-or-less the first
point of call for users of this library, lets clean them up.
The `is_x_only_key` trait method is used for more than one thing, the
code comment is either stale, not exhaustive, or wrong. Let's just
remove it.
Implementors of `MiniscriptKey` must reason about the three trait
methods, this implies the trait methods are required, not provided.

We are using the default impls to remove code duplication, this is an
abuse of the default impls. It makes the docs read incorrectly, by implying
that implementors _do not_ need to think reason about these trait methods.

Remove default trait method implementations and manually implement the
trait methods for all current implementors.
There is no obvious reason why the associated types for `MiniscriptKey`
are below the trait methods. Move them to the top.

Note, the diff shows moving functions not associated types - same thing.

Refactor only, no logic changes.
apoelstra added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 28, 2024
52198dd Manually implement is_uncompressed for BitcoinKey (Tobin C. Harding)

Pull request description:

  The `interpreter::BitcoinKey` uses the default implementation of `MiniscriptKey`, which means `is_uncompressed` returns `false`. However if the full key is a `bitcoin::PublicKey` it may be compressed.

  Manually implement `MiniscriptKey::is_uncompressed` for `BitcoinKey` and return the compressedness of the inner full key.

  Originally done, and discussed, in #620.

ACKs for top commit:
  apoelstra:
    ACK 52198dd

Tree-SHA512: 59f514d24120cfc452e60c361f851280b0515e4b63eb5d2a94d84e39821e6c80f3af07eee5fc5f80bd7198d2e09c6e4465f6f6ef3e8f38dba87ef77a2e1a3b9a
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