Software utility to manipulate touchstone s-parameter files.
The utility takes a touchstone file as standard input and outputs a new touchstone file (or other formats) to standard output. Cascade provides the following input transformations as command line options:
-cascade : cascade together the two networks on top of stack
-deembed : de-embed the top two networks on the stack
-swap : swap the top two networks on the stack
-cbg : transform top network into a common-base arrangement
-ccd : transform top network into a common-collector arrangement
-unilateral : match top network and isolate its input and output
-lift <el> : lift top network from ground and insert a Z/inductor/capacitor element
-series <el> : cascade top network with a series Z/inductor/capacitor element
-shunt <el> : cascade top network with a shunt Z/inductor/capacitor element
-short <complex> : cascade top network with a short shunt stub
-open <complex> : cascade top network with an open shunt stub
-tline <complex> : cascade top network with a transmission line
-flip : flip top network, swapping S11 with S22 and S21 with S12
-gs <complex> : set the source gamma for matching
-zs <complex> : set the source impedance for matching
-gl <complex> : set the load gamma for matching
-zl <complex> : set the load impedance for matching
-pass : push a pass-through network onto stack
-block : push an isolation network onto stack
-copy : push a copy of top network onto stack
-f <filename> : push a touchstone file onto stack
Complex numbers can also be entered in 'polar' notation. Use a '/' to separate the magnitude and angle in degrees, for example '10/90'.
Transmission lines are given in complex form, with the magnitude setting the impedance and the angle setting the length. Open or shunt stubs are given the same way. A component element can be entered as an impedance using the complex form. It can also be entered as an inductance or capacitance. To do so add a 'h' suffix for inductance or a 'f' for capacitance.
After the '-unilateral' operator is used, it resets gs, gl, zs, and zl.
By default the utility writes out the network on the top of the stack in touchstone format with GUM and stability information as comments. It can also output the network in following alternative formats:
-a : display the network as ABCD matrices
-z : summarize the network in terms of impedance, stability and gain (dB) values
-m : show matching solutions in impedance
-g : show matching solutions in gamma
-gnoise <int> : show matching solutions in gamma from Gopt to Gms in int steps
-znoise <int> : show matching solutions in impedance from Gopt to Gms in int steps
-lmatch1 : match with lumped l-section networks
-lmatch2 : match with transmission line l-section networks
-sec1 : match with a short section of transmission line
-stub1 : match with a single shunt stub network
-stub2 : match with a double shunt stub network
-qwt1 : match with a quarter wavelength with series section
-qwt2 : match with a quarter wavelength and shunt stub
-qwt3 <real> : match with a quarter wavelength and shunt stub of given impedance
-line <real> : line impedance to match to
Only 50 ohm networks are supported.
$ cd <repo_directory>
$ pip install .
$ sh test.sh # to run unit tests
Add GUM (dB), K and mu as comments to touchstone file.
$ < 2n5179_5ma.s2p cascade
# MHZ S MA R 50
! MHZ S11 S21 S12 S22 ! GUM K MU
0 0.471 0.00 6.78 180.00 0 0.00 0.844 0.00 ! 23.13 inf 1.185
100 0.471 -90.00 6.78 122.00 0.023 64.00 0.844 -51.00 ! 23.13 0.4623 0.8889
200 0.314 -145.00 4.2 100.00 0.034 58.00 0.78 -93.00 ! 16.99 1.109 1.021
300 0.23 156.00 2.76 91.00 0.043 65.00 0.768 -134.00 ! 12.92 1.819 1.145
400 0.171 108.00 2.17 86.00 0.056 63.00 0.756 -177.00 ! 10.54 1.874 1.157
500 0.168 54.00 1.86 79.00 0.062 62.00 0.741 140.00 ! 8.97 1.883 1.147
600 0.149 -9.00 1.53 71.00 0.069 66.00 0.74 98.00 ! 7.24 2.074 1.164
700 0.137 -72.00 1.31 67.00 0.073 71.00 0.739 54.00 ! 5.86 2.469 1.213
800 0.119 -129.00 1.18 64.00 0.092 74.00 0.744 8.00 ! 5.00 2.098 1.174
900 0.153 -174.00 1.13 58.00 0.101 68.00 0.742 -38.00 ! 4.64 1.875 1.142
1000 0.171 122.00 0.979 49.00 0.106 71.00 0.749 -82.00 ! 3.52 2.083 1.164
Display the result as ABCD matrices.
$ < 2n5179_5ma.s2p cascade -a
# MHZ A MA
! MHZ A B C D
0 0.01692 -180.00 10 -180.00 0.0001217 -180.00 0.07194 -180.00
100 0.05534 -88.08 7.139 -166.65 0.001397 -51.43 0.1243 -120.34
200 0.107 -70.35 6.367 -148.80 0.004076 -59.44 0.17 -131.82
300 0.2218 -60.14 6.235 -130.84 0.007505 -77.69 0.1408 -149.65
400 0.3684 -72.05 4.008 -95.97 0.009134 -94.89 0.03424 -93.31
500 0.4608 -86.97 9.595 -33.46 0.008633 -105.44 0.1543 -28.46
600 0.4624 -105.15 22.05 -37.35 0.008063 -103.97 0.3211 -24.06
700 0.2943 -122.15 32.17 -54.24 0.006801 -106.18 0.5633 -33.08
800 0.06799 -81.22 36.07 -68.63 0.00344 -87.15 0.7668 -53.02
900 0.246 0.28 33 -77.79 0.006156 -18.70 0.8021 -71.03
1000 0.5662 4.77 33.48 -76.44 0.01307 -21.60 0.6974 -89.08
Summarize the network. GU is not in dB.
$ < 2n5179_5ma.s2p cascade -z
MHZ Z1 Z2 GUI S21 GUO GUM GMSG GMAG GU K D MU
0 139+0j 591+0j 1.09 16.62 5.41 23.13 inf 23.13 1.00 inf 0.3975 1.185
100 31.84-38.55j 22.13-100.9j 1.09 16.62 5.41 23.13 24.70 - - 0.4623 0.2799 0.8889
200 27.94-11.17j 11.59-46.09j 0.45 12.46 4.07 16.99 20.92 18.91 1.18 1.109 0.1542 1.021
300 32.15+6.35j 7.719-20.79j 0.24 8.82 3.87 12.92 18.07 12.84 0.93 1.819 0.2728 1.145
400 42.77+14.33j 6.952-1.284j 0.13 6.73 3.68 10.54 15.88 10.49 0.94 1.874 0.2371 1.157
500 58.49+16.36j 8.399+17.74j 0.12 5.39 3.46 8.97 14.77 9.36 1.04 1.883 0.1073 1.147
600 67.17-3.202j 12.9+41.79j 0.10 3.69 3.44 7.24 13.46 7.56 1.04 2.074 0.08789 1.164
700 52.52-13.95j 33.5+88.26j 0.08 2.35 3.43 5.86 12.54 5.79 0.96 2.469 0.1926 1.213
800 42.35-7.945j 279+129.4j 0.06 1.44 3.50 5.00 11.08 5.12 0.99 2.098 0.1526 1.174
900 36.78-1.205j 58.96-119.9j 0.10 1.06 3.47 4.64 10.49 5.10 1.06 1.875 0.04344 1.142
1000 40.1+11.98j 16.23-54.84j 0.13 -0.18 3.58 3.52 9.65 3.73 1.01 2.083 0.1502 1.164
Shunt a 330 ohm resistor across the output of the two-port network. This makes the transistor unconditionally stable.
$ < 2n5179_5ma.s2p cascade -shunt 330
# MHZ S MA R 50
! MHZ S11 S21 S12 S22 ! GUM K MU
0 0.471 0.00 5.949 180.00 0 0.00 0.618 0.00 ! 18.67 inf 1.618
100 0.4695 -88.72 6.069 124.55 0.02059 66.55 0.6577 -53.05 ! 19.21 1.557 1.129
200 0.3082 -143.49 3.91 103.15 0.03165 61.15 0.6784 -95.81 ! 14.95 1.884 1.182
300 0.2213 155.91 2.664 93.31 0.0415 67.31 0.7377 -135.77 ! 12.14 2.142 1.199
400 0.1643 105.92 2.13 86.17 0.05498 63.17 0.7603 -177.12 ! 10.44 1.906 1.155
500 0.1675 51.12 1.8 77.00 0.06 60.00 0.7204 141.75 ! 8.41 2.151 1.187
600 0.155 -10.66 1.431 68.02 0.06452 63.02 0.6532 101.19 ! 5.63 3 1.318
700 0.1428 -70.78 1.181 64.66 0.06579 68.66 0.5781 57.14 ! 3.30 4.307 1.543
800 0.1197 -125.52 1.043 63.60 0.0813 73.60 0.5415 8.59 ! 1.93 4.169 1.601
900 0.1491 -171.48 1.008 59.77 0.09013 69.77 0.5603 -40.49 ! 1.81 3.657 1.501
1000 0.1638 121.96 0.9022 51.97 0.09769 73.97 0.632 -85.31 ! 1.44 3.358 1.383
Cascade a series 20 ohm resistor with the output of the two-port network.
$ < 2n5179_5ma.s2p cascade -series 20
# MHZ S MA R 50
! MHZ S11 S21 S12 S22 ! GUM K MU
0 0.471 0.00 6.575 180.00 0 0.00 0.8487 0.00 ! 22.98 inf 1.178
100 0.4714 -93.44 6.155 115.16 0.02088 57.16 0.7407 -46.86 ! 20.33 1.194 1.041
200 0.3248 -148.73 3.448 92.65 0.02791 50.65 0.5297 -82.32 ! 12.67 3.225 1.49
300 0.248 155.65 2.105 86.17 0.03279 60.17 0.3788 -122.00 ! 7.41 5.894 2.244
400 0.185 111.63 1.606 85.66 0.04145 62.66 0.2999 -175.86 ! 4.68 6.681 2.792
500 0.1686 59.96 1.412 83.15 0.04708 66.15 0.3478 127.85 ! 3.68 6.41 2.351
600 0.1339 -5.65 1.245 77.85 0.05613 72.85 0.4864 85.50 ! 3.15 5.38 1.783
700 0.1236 -76.67 1.17 73.13 0.06521 77.13 0.6494 47.27 ! 3.81 3.85 1.394
800 0.1201 -138.88 1.121 65.13 0.08738 75.13 0.7539 7.12 ! 4.70 2.218 1.171
900 0.163 179.31 1.04 53.18 0.09292 63.18 0.7004 -33.51 ! 3.38 2.516 1.229
1000 0.1883 121.15 0.8238 41.83 0.08919 63.83 0.5533 -71.64 ! 0.06 4.533 1.568
Lift terminal 3, the port connected to ground, and add a 10nH inductor. Then cascade the result with a shunt 100 ohm resistor to stabilize the result.
$ < 2n5179_5ma.s2p cascade -lift 10e-9h -shunt 100
# MHZ S MA R 50
! MHZ S11 S21 S12 S22 ! GUM K MU
0 0.471 0.00 4.641 180.00 1.187e-18 -180.00 0.2621 -0.00 ! 14.73 6.576e+16 3.815
100 0.2894 -31.98 3.67 112.81 0.03295 129.17 0.2602 -55.49 ! 11.98 3.527 2.349
200 0.2813 0.15 2.299 91.42 0.1193 112.36 0.2716 -97.16 ! 7.92 1.653 1.612
300 0.3553 4.07 1.669 75.50 0.2257 82.69 0.3018 -146.61 ! 5.45 1.188 1.2
400 0.3673 -2.21 1.266 61.02 0.2619 55.24 0.2773 162.64 ! 3.03 1.297 1.292
500 0.3933 -3.40 0.9646 51.78 0.2325 39.45 0.2338 118.67 ! 0.66 1.81 1.675
600 0.3965 -14.35 0.7704 47.45 0.207 37.88 0.2079 80.31 ! -1.33 2.53 2.132
700 0.319 -21.21 0.6623 46.78 0.1807 37.44 0.2023 41.51 ! -2.93 3.631 2.797
800 0.2797 -3.83 0.5861 50.23 0.1252 54.88 0.2335 0.19 ! -4.04 5.997 3.258
900 0.375 0.32 0.6423 57.44 0.2209 100.88 0.3044 -46.80 ! -2.76 2.922 2.412
1000 0.4493 -17.00 0.8127 50.80 0.4842 83.82 0.3872 -103.62 ! -0.12 1.103 1.127
Insert a one ohm resistor at the emitter to provide shunt feedback.
$ < 2n5179_5ma.s2p cascade -lift 1
# MHZ S MA R 50
! MHZ S11 S21 S12 S22 ! GUM K MU
0 0.507 -0.00 6.308 180.00 0.0007679 0.00 0.8541 -0.00 ! 22.97 21.18 1.166
100 0.5026 -82.33 6.453 124.47 0.03084 68.45 0.8719 -48.35 ! 23.66 0.1972 0.8006
200 0.3182 -135.30 4.084 101.58 0.04909 53.96 0.7981 -89.87 ! 17.08 0.6767 0.9192
300 0.207 163.41 2.689 91.88 0.05657 50.07 0.7621 -130.87 ! 12.56 1.447 1.098
400 0.1457 109.26 2.112 86.78 0.06327 47.44 0.7312 -174.12 ! 9.91 1.872 1.178
500 0.1549 49.71 1.817 79.92 0.06313 48.98 0.7097 142.15 ! 8.34 2.119 1.197
600 0.1538 -13.14 1.505 71.80 0.0672 56.96 0.7137 99.11 ! 6.75 2.338 1.206
700 0.1477 -71.33 1.295 67.61 0.06973 65.17 0.724 54.26 ! 5.56 2.716 1.243
800 0.1235 -123.93 1.171 64.46 0.09085 72.14 0.7409 7.85 ! 4.89 2.168 1.183
900 0.1491 -169.65 1.126 58.22 0.1062 66.54 0.7445 -38.10 ! 4.64 1.784 1.133
1000 0.1609 123.17 0.9781 48.86 0.1141 66.76 0.7477 -81.82 ! 3.48 1.947 1.153
Transform the common emitter s-parameter input into a common-base.
$ < 2n5179_5ma.s2p cascade -cbg | tee cb.s2p
# MHZ S MA R 50
! MHZ S11 S21 S12 S22 ! GUM K MU
0 0.6692 180.00 1.55 -0.00 0.0258 0.00 0.9649 -0.00 ! 18.00 1.141 1.011
100 0.7455 173.47 1.673 -11.49 0.08774 75.40 1.046 -10.87 ! - 0.04985 0.7311
200 0.7834 166.09 1.623 -22.23 0.1673 79.26 1.115 -27.69 ! - -0.1685 0.4953
300 0.798 154.26 1.41 -32.60 0.3239 72.65 1.017 -53.92 ! - -0.1879 0.3329
400 0.7442 144.59 1.256 -34.55 0.464 48.66 0.6954 -75.56 ! 8.36 0.1916 0.3582
500 0.7206 135.76 1.264 -36.70 0.528 27.09 0.3917 -83.59 ! 5.94 0.5052 0.3812
600 0.6681 125.60 1.315 -44.49 0.5151 3.26 0.1657 -65.59 ! 5.07 0.7577 0.4936
700 0.5996 116.64 1.338 -57.47 0.3734 -19.62 0.2935 7.81 ! 4.85 0.9993 0.9977
800 0.5371 109.65 1.212 -74.72 0.1278 -28.04 0.7227 -6.39 ! 6.36 1.523 1.194
900 0.4694 105.01 0.9932 -93.71 0.209 81.20 1.083 -40.18 ! - -0.3312 0.7231
1000 0.414 89.52 0.5058 -123.81 0.5353 63.17 1.108 -80.94 ! - -0.3771 0.6711
Create a cascode amplifier. S12 is significantly reduced compared to a CE amp.
$ < 2n5179_5ma.s2p cascade -f cb.s2p -cascade
# MHZ S MA R 50
! MHZ S11 S21 S12 S22 ! GUM K MU
0 0.471 0.00 6.716 180.00 0 0.00 0.9865 0.00 ! 33.34 inf 1.014
100 0.4483 -80.32 7.881 132.15 0.001402 161.04 1.108 -7.70 ! - -8.698 0.8867
200 0.2328 -128.95 6.756 113.18 0.005638 172.67 1.305 -23.48 ! - -8.781 0.7421
300 0.0308 150.86 8.191 84.93 0.02932 164.18 1.743 -59.59 ! - -4.073 0.5058
400 0.07062 168.43 4.502 21.58 0.04292 81.79 0.7419 -136.29 ! 16.56 1.237 1.063
500 0.09522 43.22 2.166 12.99 0.03016 59.78 0.07264 127.14 ! 6.78 7.577 7.245
600 0.1466 -28.60 1.437 12.42 0.02538 55.17 0.3441 15.47 ! 3.79 11.84 2.616
700 0.1725 -78.73 1.218 12.40 0.01894 54.25 0.5338 -5.24 ! 3.30 15.13 1.805
800 0.1605 -119.73 1.156 5.91 0.009504 62.59 0.7571 -13.10 ! 5.07 19.04 1.304
900 0.1849 -157.40 1.218 -15.35 0.02291 169.56 1.248 -38.84 ! - -9.861 0.78
1000 0.181 142.01 0.7138 -71.46 0.08179 137.52 1.286 -92.10 ! - -5.604 0.7372
Stabilize the cascode amp with a 100 ohm resistor across the output.
$ < 2n5179_5ma.s2p cascade -f cb.s2p -cascade -shunt 100
# MHZ S MA R 50
! MHZ S11 S21 S12 S22 ! GUM K MU
0 0.471 0.00 4.487 180.00 0 0.00 0.3273 0.00 ! 14.62 inf 3.055
100 0.4465 -80.38 5.168 133.55 0.0009194 162.44 0.3832 -9.59 ! 15.92 71.73 2.554
200 0.2298 -130.26 4.346 117.98 0.003626 177.47 0.4864 -26.26 ! 14.17 22.95 1.988
300 0.05872 112.41 5.397 99.27 0.01931 178.52 0.7909 -55.60 ! 18.92 1.877 1.122
400 0.06053 -154.28 4.008 28.13 0.03821 88.34 0.6741 -142.93 ! 14.70 1.828 1.2
500 0.08392 38.87 1.748 12.32 0.02434 59.11 0.231 170.60 ! 5.12 11.08 3.688
600 0.1474 -31.25 1.078 11.43 0.01904 54.18 0.05164 90.05 ! 0.76 23.77 13.21
700 0.176 -79.49 0.8808 12.91 0.0137 54.76 0.1107 -13.32 ! -0.91 39.69 8.258
800 0.1624 -119.61 0.8056 7.62 0.006623 64.30 0.2294 -21.30 ! -1.53 86.48 4.271
900 0.1815 -156.44 0.8088 -7.88 0.01521 177.03 0.5032 -43.32 ! -0.43 29.27 1.93
1000 0.1758 145.27 0.558 -56.91 0.06394 152.07 0.7856 -91.95 ! -0.76 5.114 1.209
Summarize the stabilized cascode amp.
$ < 2n5179_5ma.s2p cascade -f cb.s2p -cascade -shunt 100 -z
MHZ Z1 Z2 GUI S21 GUO GUM GMSG GMAG GU K D MU
0 139+0j 98.66+9.406e-17j 1.09 13.04 0.49 14.62 inf 14.62 1.00 inf 0.1542 3.055
100 38.12-41.92j 109-16.32j 0.97 14.27 0.69 15.92 37.50 15.93 1.00 71.73 0.1668 2.554
200 35.09-12.99j 104.8-59.1j 0.24 12.76 1.17 14.17 30.79 14.17 1.00 22.95 0.1134 1.988
300 47.53+5.179j 25.58-89.17j 0.02 14.64 4.27 18.92 24.46 19.06 0.98 1.877 0.1426 1.122
400 44.77-2.36j 10.78-16.06j 0.02 12.06 2.63 14.70 20.21 14.95 1.01 1.828 0.1331 1.2
500 56.65+6.009j 31.36+2.499j 0.03 4.85 0.24 5.12 18.56 5.12 1.00 11.08 0.05842 3.688
600 63.55-9.933j 49.73+5.15j 0.10 0.65 0.01 0.76 17.53 0.76 1.00 23.77 0.013 13.21
700 50.12-17.9j 61.98-3.202j 0.14 -1.10 0.05 -0.91 18.08 -0.91 1.00 39.69 0.03112 8.258
800 41.02-11.9j 75.77-13.33j 0.12 -1.88 0.23 -1.53 20.85 -1.53 1.00 86.48 0.04184 4.271
900 35.41-5.312j 71.67-66.25j 0.15 -1.84 1.27 -0.43 17.26 -0.42 1.00 29.27 0.07917 1.93
1000 36.71+7.588j 11.46-47j 0.14 -5.07 4.17 -0.76 9.41 -0.65 1.02 5.114 0.114 1.209
Show impedance matching information.
$ < example2.s2p cascade -m
MHZ QS ZS SWRIN MLIN ZIN ZOUT MLOUT SWROUT ZL QL ! GT NF NM
2000 1.47 5.124-7.542j 1.00 0.00 5.124+7.542j 33.68-91.48j 0.00 1.00 33.68+91.48j 2.72 ! 16.18 - -
Show gamma matching information.
$ < example2.s2p cascade -g
MHZ QS GS SWRIN MLIN GIN GOUT MLOUT SWROUT GL QL ! GT NF NM
2000 1.47 0.8179 -162.67 1.00 0.00 0.8179 162.67 0.7495 -52.57 0.00 1.00 0.7495 52.57 2.72 ! 16.18 - -
A stub match example. Stub lengths are in degrees.
$ < example2.s2p cascade -stub1
MHZ (LBAL) LSHUNT LSERIES ZS ZL LSERIES LSHUNT (LBAL)
2000 17.93 109.38 153.77 5.124-7.542j 33.68+91.48j 42.99 113.83 20.15 o/o
2000 38.76 19.38 153.77 5.124-7.542j 33.68+91.48j 42.99 23.83 47.65 s/s
2000 35.31 70.62 8.90 5.124-7.542j 33.68+91.48j 84.44 66.17 33.09 o/o
2000 14.48 160.62 8.90 5.124-7.542j 33.68+91.48j 84.44 156.17 5.59 s/s
A L-section match example.
$ < example2.s2p cascade -lmatch1
MHZ SHUNT SERIES ! SERIES SHUNT ZS ZL SHUNT SERIES ! SERIES SHUNT
2000 1.345nH 3.505pF ! - - 5.124-7.542j 33.68+91.48j 4.61nH 738.6fF ! 5.715nH 5.414nH
2000 4.71pF 606.6pH ! - - 5.124-7.542j 33.68+91.48j 39.99nH 8.574nH ! 1.108pF 9.146nH
A quarter wave transformer with a series section example.
$ < example2.s2p cascade -qwt1
MHZ ZQWT ZSERIES LSERIES ZS ZL LSERIES ZSERIES ZQWT
2000 158 50 81.33 5.124-7.542j 33.68+91.48j 153.72 50 132.1
2000 15.83 50 171.33 5.124-7.542j 33.68+91.48j 63.72 50 18.92
A quarter wave transformer and stub match example.
$ < example2.s2p cascade -qwt2
MHZ ZQWT ZSHUNT LSHUNT (ZBAL) ZS ZL (ZBAL) LSHUNT ZSHUNT ZQWT
2000 28.48 11.02 45.00 22.05 5.124-7.542j 33.68+91.48j 207.8 135.00 103.9 118.8 o/o
2000 28.48 11.02 135.00 22.05 5.124-7.542j 33.68+91.48j 207.8 45.00 103.9 118.8 s/s
A quarter wave transformer and 72 ohm stub match example.
$ < example2.s2p cascade -qwt3 72
MHZ ZQWT ZSHUNT LSHUNT (LBAL) ZS ZL (LBAL) LSHUNT ZSHUNT ZQWT
2000 28.48 72 81.30 72.98 5.124-7.542j 33.68+91.48j 160.89 145.27 72 118.8 o/o
2000 28.48 72 171.30 162.98 5.124-7.542j 33.68+91.48j 70.89 55.27 72 118.8 s/s
Match using a short transformer section. (See Rizzi p132)
$ < 2n5179_5ma.s2p cascade -sec1
MHZ ZSERIES LSERIES ZS ZL LSERIES ZSERIES
0 83.38 90.00 139+0j 591+0j 90.00 171.9
100 - - - - - -
200 - - 9.257+23.75j 4.537+48.96j - -
300 38.51 131.63 36.15+9.48j 7.455+21.63j - -
400 58.28 109.09 65.42-6.219j 6.595+0.8484j 93.08 18.14
500 74.92 117.61 88.57-30.23j 7.046-18.47j - -
600 70.2 107.80 90.36-18.19j 10.99-41.56j - -
700 53.75 112.79 56.46-2.915j 32.68-87.82j - -
800 40.17 76.13 32.94-3.385j 309.1-137.7j 100.88 138.2
900 34.15 83.40 23.49-2.097j 49.48+126.1j - -
1000 36.81 72.08 28.33-5.161j 14.91+56.68j - -
Match a network for maximum gain.
$ < example3.s2p cascade -qwt2
MHZ ZQWT ZSHUNT LSHUNT (ZBAL) ZS ZL (ZBAL) LSHUNT ZSHUNT ZQWT
4000 65.39 11.78 45.00 23.56 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 141.8 135.00 70.89 398.7 o/o
4000 65.39 11.78 135.00 23.56 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 141.8 45.00 70.89 398.7 s/s
Create a network of this match.
$ < example3.s2p cascade -pass -tline 65.39/90 -open 11.78/45 -swap -cascade -open 70.89/135 -tline 398.7/90
# MHZ S MA R 50
! MHZ S11 S21 S12 S22 ! GUM K MU
4000 0.001336 99.41 5.419 -173.66 0.158 -176.66 0.001339 88.91 ! 14.68 1.012 1.168
Match using double stubs. LBAL gives the balanced stub length.
$ < example3.s2p cascade -stub2
MHZ (LBAL) LSHUNT LSERIES LSHUNT (LBAL) ZS ZL (LBAL) LSHUNT LSERIES LSHUNT (LBAL)
4000 10.51 158.63 45.00 170.77 34.78 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 103.76 115.24 45.00 175.33 43.89 ss/ss
4000 121.82 60.93 45.00 167.01 27.26 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 66.81 96.73 45.00 5.58 11.16 ss/ss
4000 34.32 68.63 45.00 80.77 40.39 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 12.62 25.24 45.00 85.33 42.67 oo/oo
4000 75.51 150.93 45.00 77.01 38.51 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 3.36 6.73 45.00 95.58 47.80 oo/oo
4000 10.51 158.63 45.00 80.77 40.39 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 12.62 25.24 45.00 175.33 43.89 so/os
4000 121.82 60.93 45.00 77.01 38.51 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 3.36 6.73 45.00 5.58 11.16 so/os
4000 34.32 68.63 45.00 170.77 34.78 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 103.76 115.24 45.00 85.33 42.67 os/so
4000 75.51 150.93 45.00 167.01 27.26 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 66.81 96.73 45.00 95.58 47.80 os/so
4000 111.42 119.07 135.00 166.46 26.17 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 66.38 33.19 135.00 174.42 42.08 ss/ss
4000 42.73 21.37 135.00 156.81 6.86 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 55.96 27.98 135.00 4.67 9.35 ss/ss
4000 14.53 29.07 135.00 76.46 38.24 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 61.62 123.19 135.00 84.42 42.22 oo/oo
4000 55.70 111.37 135.00 66.81 33.41 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 59.01 117.98 135.00 94.67 47.35 oo/oo
4000 111.42 119.07 135.00 76.46 38.24 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 61.62 123.19 135.00 174.42 42.08 so/os
4000 42.73 21.37 135.00 66.81 33.41 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 59.01 117.98 135.00 4.67 9.35 so/os
4000 14.53 29.07 135.00 166.46 26.17 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 66.38 33.19 135.00 84.42 42.22 os/so
4000 55.70 111.37 135.00 156.81 6.86 1.593-11.56j 1.58+70.85j 55.96 27.98 135.00 94.67 47.35 os/so
Add 29.3 degrees of 50 ohm transmission line to the amplifier in HP Application Note 967 and on page 340 of Gonzalezi's Microwave Transistor Amplifiers. Gonzalez has a corrected value for the load reflection coefficient in AN967.
$ < example3.s2p cascade -gs .475/166 -unilateral -tline 50/29.3
# MHZ S MA R 50
! MHZ S11 S21 S12 S22 ! GUM K MU
4000 0.7444 157.00 1.681 -3.30 0 0.00 0.8438 -129.04 ! 13.43 inf 1.185
Use Gonzalez's analytic method on p.318, drawing a straight line from Gopt to Gms, to select GS.
$ < example4.s2p cascade -gnoise 5
MHZ QS GS SWRIN MLIN GIN GOUT MLOUT SWROUT GL QL ! GT NF NM
4000 0.56 0.45 -150.00 2.69 -1.02 0.7524 147.97 0.6227 -62.09 0.00 1.00 0.6227 62.09 1.80 ! 9.76 3.00 0.46
4000 0.79 0.5433 -149.17 2.22 -0.67 0.7644 147.95 0.6542 -61.71 0.00 1.00 0.6542 61.71 2.01 ! 10.21 3.05 0.52
4000 1.12 0.6367 -148.59 1.79 -0.36 0.7792 147.93 0.6914 -61.31 0.00 1.00 0.6914 61.31 2.32 ! 10.63 3.24 0.83
4000 1.65 0.7301 -148.15 1.39 -0.12 0.7983 147.89 0.7361 -60.89 0.00 1.00 0.7361 60.89 2.81 ! 10.97 3.64 1.55
4000 2.73 0.8236 -147.82 1.00 0.00 0.8236 147.82 0.7909 -60.46 0.00 1.00 0.7909 60.46 3.67 ! 11.14 4.50 2.94
$ < example4.s2p cascade -znoise 5
MHZ QS ZS SWRIN MLIN ZIN ZOUT MLOUT SWROUT ZL QL ! GT NF NM
4000 0.56 20.12-11.35j 2.69 -1.02 7.632+14.04j 38.04-68.38j 0.00 1.00 38.04+68.38j 1.80 ! 9.76 3.00 0.46
4000 0.79 15.82-12.49j 2.22 -0.67 7.218+14.08j 35.41-71.31j 0.00 1.00 35.41+71.31j 2.01 ! 10.21 3.05 0.52
4000 1.12 11.93-13.31j 1.79 -0.36 6.708+14.13j 32.06-74.5j 0.00 1.00 32.06+74.5j 2.32 ! 10.63 3.24 0.83
4000 1.65 8.418-13.89j 1.39 -0.12 6.067+14.19j 27.74-77.9j 0.00 1.00 27.74+77.9j 2.81 ! 10.97 3.64 1.55
4000 2.73 5.236-14.28j 1.00 0.00 5.236+14.28j 22.15-81.37j 0.00 1.00 22.15+81.37j 3.67 ! 11.14 4.50 2.94