Add sync events to measure time spend synchronizing

[fsimonis]

Main changes of this PR

This PR adds profiling events that measure the time waiting when using syncMode

Motivation and additional information

This allows to correct events with synchronizing sub events and make the trace easier to follow.

Example trace

Author's checklist

• I used the pre-commit hook to prevent dirty commits and used pre-commit run --all to format old commits.
• I added a changelog file with make changelog if there are user-observable changes since the last release.
• I added a test to cover the proposed changes in our test suite.
• For breaking changes: I documented the changes in the appropriate porting guide.
• I sticked to C++17 features.
• I sticked to CMake version 3.22.1.
• I squashed / am about to squash all commits that should be seen as one.

Reviewers' checklist

• Does the changelog entry make sense? Is it formatted correctly?
• Do you understand the code changes?