#Testbed for exploring OpenVG on the Raspberry Pi. Forked version of ajstarks' libshapes. Windowed mode and outline shapes functions by paeryn (paeryn8@gmail.com).
Here is the graphics equivalent of "hello, world"
// first OpenVG program
// Anthony Starks (ajstarks@gmail.com)
// Adapted for paeryn's fork by paeryn
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "VG/openvg.h"
#include "VG/vgu.h"
#include "fontinfo.h"
#include "shapes.h"
int main() {
int width, height;
char s[3];
// Request a window size of 600x360 with top-left at 20,20
initWindowSize(20, 20, 600, 360);
init(&width, &height); // Graphics initialization
Start(width, height); // Start the picture
Background(0, 0, 0); // Black background
Fill(44, 77, 232, 1); // Big blue marble
Circle(width / 2, 0, width); // The "world"
Fill(255, 255, 255, 1); // White text
TextMid(width / 2, height / 2, "hello, world", SerifTypeface, width / 10); // Greetings
End(); // End the picture
WindowOpacity(128); // Make the window half opacity
// Can now see what is behind it
fgets(s, 2, stdin); // look at the pic, end with [RETURN]
finish(); // Graphics cleanup
exit(0);
}
Coordinates are VGfloat values, with the origin at the lower left, with x increasing to the right, and y increasing up. OpenVG specifies colors as a VGfloat array containing red, green, blue, alpha values ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, but typically colors are specified as RGBA (0-255 for RGB, A from 0.0 to 1.0)
void initWindowSize(int x, int y, unsigned int w, unsigned int h)
Define how big to make the window, and where to place the top-left corner (as measured from the top-left of the screen). If the width and height requested are larger than the screen size then the window size will be reduced to fit the screen. The x,y coordinate can be negative so that the window appears partially off screen, but will be clipped so that at least one pixel in each direction will be on the screen. The window won't be created until init() is called. If initWindowSize() isn't called first then the window will default to being at 0,0 with a width,height the same as the screen.
void init(&width, &height)
Initialize the window and OpenVG. width and height will be filled with the window's size.
void Start(int width, int height)
Begin the picture, clear the screen with a default white, set the stroke and fill to black.
void WindowClear()
Clears the window to the colour set by Background() (or White if Start() was called and no subsequent Background() or BackgroundRGB() call has been made). Use this rather than Start() to avoid having to set the background colour every time if you want anything other than White and don't want the stroke, fill and stroke width settings reset.
void End()
End the picture, rendering to the screen.
void WindowOpacity(unsigned int alpha)
Sets the global alpha value of the window for display purposes (doesn't affect the alpha channel of the drawing surface). The alpha value can be between 0 (fully transparent) and 255 (fully opaque).
void SaveEnd(char *filename)
End the picture, rendering to the screen, save the raster to the named file as 4-byte RGBA words, with a stride of width*4 bytes. The program raw2png converts the "raw" raster to png.
void saveterm(), restoreterm(), rawterm()
Terminal settings, save current settings, restore settings, put the terminal in raw mode.
void setfill(float color[4])
Set the fill color
void Background(unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b)
Fill the screen with the background color defined from RGB values.
void BackgroundRGB(unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b, float a)
Fill the screen with the background color defined from RGBA values. NOTE: in this (paeryn's) version the background alpha is ignored for display purposes - instead a global alpha is used for the whole window. This doesn't affect the usage of the alpha channel for blending purposes, only for display purposes.
void StrokeWidth(float width)
Set the stroke width.
void RGBA(unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b, VGfloat a, VGfloat color[4])
fill a color vector from RGBA values.
void RGB(unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b, VGfloat color[4])
fill a color vector from RGB values.
void Stroke(unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b, VGfloat a)
Set the Stroke color using RGBA values.
void Fill(unsigned int r, unsigned int g, unsigned int b, VGfloat a)
Set the Fill color using RGBA values.
void FillLinearGradient(VGfloat x1, VGfloat y1, VGfloat x2, VGfloat y2, VGfloat *stops, int n)
Set the fill to a linear gradient bounded by (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). using offsets and colors specified in n number of stops
void FillRadialGradient(VGfloat cx, VGfloat cy, VGfloat fx VGfloat fy, VGfloat r, VGfloat *stops, int n)
Set the fill to a radial gradient centered at (cx, cy) with radius r, and focal point at (fx, ry), using offsets and colors specified in n number of stops
void Line(VGfloat x1, VGfloat y1, VGfloat x2, VGfloat y2)
Draw a line between (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).
void Rect(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, VGfloat w, VGfloat h)
Draw a rectangle with its origin (lower left) at (x,y), and size is (width,height).
void Roundrect(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, VGfloat w, VGfloat h, VGfloat rw, VGfloat rh)
Draw a rounded rectangle with its origin (lower left) at (x,y), and size is (width,height).
The width and height of the corners are specified with (rw,rh).
void Polygon(VGfloat *x, VGfloat *y, VGint n)
Draw a polygon using the coordinates in arrays pointed to by x and y. The number of coordinates is n.
void Polyline(VGfloat *x, VGfloat *y, VGint n)
Draw a polyline using the coordinates in arrays pointed to by x and y. The number of coordinates is n.
void Circle(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, VGfloat r)
Draw a circle centered at (x,y) with radius r.
void Ellipse(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, VGfloat w, VGfloat h)
Draw an ellipse centered at (x,y) with radii (w, h).
void Qbezier(VGfloat sx, VGfloat sy, VGfloat cx, VGfloat cy, VGfloat ex, VGfloat ey)
Draw a quadratic bezier curve beginning at (sx, sy), using control points at (cx, cy), ending at (ex, ey).
void Cbezier(VGfloat sx, VGfloat sy, VGfloat cx, VGfloat cy, VGfloat px, VGfloat py, VGfloat ex, VGfloat ey)
Draw a cubic bezier curve beginning at (sx, sy), using control points at (cx, cy) and (px, py), ending at (ex, ey).
void Arc(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, VGfloat w, VGfloat h, VGfloat sa, VGfloat aext)
Draw an elliptical arc centered at (x, y), with width and height at (w, h). Start angle (degrees) is sa, angle extent is aext.
Outlined versions of above shapes (omitting the need to set a transparent fill)
void RectOutline(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, VGfloat w, VGfloat h)
void RoundrectOutline(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, VGfloat w, VGfloat h, VGfloat rw, VGfloat rh)
void CircleOutline(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, VGfloat r)
void EllipseOutline(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, VGfloat w, VGfloat h)
void ArcOutline(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, VGfloat w, VGfloat h, VGfloat sa, VGfloat aext)
void QbezierOutline(VGfloat sx, VGfloat sy, VGfloat cx, VGfloat cy, VGfloat ex, VGfloat ey)
void CbezierOutline(VGfloat sx, VGfloat sy, VGfloat cx, VGfloat cy, VGfloat px, VGfloat py, VGfloat ex, VGfloat ey)
void Text(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, char* s, Fontinfo f, int pointsize)
Draw a the text srtring (s) at location (x,y), using pointsize.
void TextMid(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, char* s, Fontinfo f, int pointsize)
Draw a the text srtring (s) at centered at location (x,y), using pointsize.
void TextEnd(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, char* s, Fontinfo f, int pointsize)
Draw a the text srtring (s) at with its lend aligned to location (x,y), using pointsize
VGfloat TextWidth(char *s, Fontinfo f, int pointsize)
Return the width of text
void Image(VGfloat x, VGfloat y, int w, int h, char * filename)
place a JPEG image with dimensions (w,h) at (x,y).
void Translate(VGfloat x, VGfloat y)
Translate the coordinate system to (x,y).
void Rotate(VGfloat r)
Rotate the coordinate system around angle r (degrees).
void Scale(VGfloat x, VGfloat y)
Scale by x,y.
void Shear(VGfloat x, VGfloat y)
Shear by the angles x,y.
Also included is the font2openvg program, which turns font information into C source that you can embed in your program. The Makefile makes font code from files found in /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/. If you want to use other fonts, adjust the Makefile accordingly, or generate the font code on your own once the font2openvg program is built.
font2openvg takes three arguments: the TrueType font file, the output file to be included and the prefix for identifiers. For example to use the DejaVu Sans font:
./font2openvg /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf DejaVuSans.inc DejaVuSans
and include the generated code in your program:
#include "DejaVuSans.inc"
Fontinfo DejaFont
The loadfont function creates OpenVG paths from the font data:
loadfont(DejaVuSans_glyphPoints,
DejaVuSans_glyphPointIndices,
DejaVuSans_glyphInstructions,
DejaVuSans_glyphInstructionIndices,
DejaVuSans_glyphInstructionCounts,
DejaVuSans_glyphAdvances,
DejaVuSans_characterMap,
DejaVuSans_glyphCount);
The unloadfont function releases the path information:
unloadfont(DejaFont.Glyphs, DejaFont.Count);
Note that you will need at least 64 Mbytes of GPU RAM:. You will also need the DejaVu fonts, and the jpeg and freetype libraries. The indent tool is also useful for code formatting. Install them via:
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev indent libfreetype6-dev ttf-dejavu-core
Next, build the library and test:
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ git clone git://github.com/ajstarks/openvg
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ cd openvg
pi@raspberrypi ~/openvg $ make
g++ -I/usr/include/freetype2 fontutil/font2openvg.cpp -o font2openvg -lfreetype
./font2openvg /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf DejaVuSans.inc DejaVuSans
224 glyphs written
./font2openvg /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSansMono.ttf DejaVuSansMono.inc DejaVuSansMono
224 glyphs written
./font2openvg /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSerif.ttf DejaVuSerif.inc DejaVuSerif
224 glyphs written
gcc -O2 -Wall -I/opt/vc/include -I/opt/vc/include/interface/vmcs_host/linux -I/opt/vc/include/interface/vcos/pthreads -c libshapes.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -I/opt/vc/include -I/opt/vc/include/interface/vmcs_host/linux -I/opt/vc/include/interface/vcos/pthreads -c oglinit.c
pi@raspberrypi ~/openvg/client $ cd client
pi@raspberrypi ~/openvg/client $ make test
cc -Wall -I/opt/vc/include -I/opt/vc/include/interface/vcos/pthreads -o shapedemo shapedemo.c ../libshapes.o ../oglinit.o -L/opt/vc/lib -lGLESv2 -ljpeg
./shapedemo demo 5
The program "shapedemo" exercises a high-level API built on OpenVG found in libshapes.c.
./shapedemo # show a reference card
./shapedemo raspi # show a self-portrait
./shapedemo image # show four test images
./shapedemo astro # the sun and the earth, to scale
./shapedemo text # show blocks of text in serif, sans, and mono fonts
./shapedemo rand 10 # show 10 random shapes
./shapedemo rotate 10 a # rotated and faded "a"
./shapedemo test "hello, world" # show a test pattern, with "hello, world" at mid-display in sans, serif, and mono.
./shapedemo fontsize # show a range of font sizes (per <https://speakerdeck.com/u/idangazit/p/better-products-through-typography>)
./shapedemo demo 10 # run through the demo, pausing 10 seconds between each one; contemplate the awesome.
To install the shapes library as a system-wide shared library
pi@raspberrypi ~/openvg $ make library
pi@raspberrypi ~/openvg $ sudo make install
The openvg shapes library can now be used in C code by including shapes.h and fontinfo.h and linking with libshapes.so:
#include <shapes.h>
#include <fontinfo.h>
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ gcc -I/opt/vc/include -I/opt/vc/include/interface/vmcs_host/linux -I/opt/vc/include/interface/vcos/pthreads anysource.c -o anysource -lshapes
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ./anysource
NOTE: Due to paeryn's lack of Go knowledge this version hasn't currently updadted the Go wrapper so the added functionality is not there.
A Go programming language wrapper for the library is found in openvg.go. Sample clients are in the directory go-client. The API closely follows the C API; here is the "hello, world" program in Go:
package main
import (
"bufio"
"github.com/ajstarks/openvg"
"os"
)
func main() {
width, height := openvg.Init() // OpenGL, etc initialization
w2 := openvg.VGfloat(width / 2)
h2 := openvg.VGfloat(height / 2)
w := openvg.VGfloat(width)
openvg.Start(width, height) // Start the picture
openvg.BackgroundColor("black") // Black background
openvg.FillRGB(44, 77, 232, 1) // Big blue marble
openvg.Circle(w2, 0, w) // The "world"
openvg.FillColor("white") // White text
openvg.TextMid(w2, h2, "hello, world", "serif", width/10) // Greetings
openvg.End() // End the picture
bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin).ReadBytes('\n') // Pause until [RETURN]
openvg.Finish() // Graphics cleanup
}
To build the wrapper: (make sure GOPATH is set)
pi@raspberrypi ~/openvg $ go install .
pi@raspberrypi ~/openvg $ cd go-client/hellovg
pi@raspberrypi ~/openvg/go-client/hellovg $ go build .
pi@raspberrypi ~/openvg/go-client/hellovg $ ./hellovg