fix: get additional user claims from Microsoft graph API

[alnr]

#3609 Introduced a bug where the subject could not be established from the GraphAPI response. This change fixes that, and also keeps the old way of querying the API as a fallback if anything goes wrong.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 14 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (84149c4) 78.33% compared to head (05734ed) 78.28%.
Report is 4 commits behind head on master.

Files	Patch %	Lines
selfservice/strategy/oidc/provider_microsoft.go	57.57%	7 Missing and 7 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3722      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   78.33%   78.28%   -0.05%     
==========================================
  Files         347      347              
  Lines       23815    23831      +16     
==========================================
+ Hits        18655    18657       +2     
- Misses       3750     3760      +10     
- Partials     1410     1414       +4     

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