Mapillary Tools

Mapillary Tools is a library for processing and uploading images to Mapillary.

• Quickstart
• Requirements
• Installation
• Video Support
• Usage
  • Process
  • Upload Images
  • Upload BlackVue Videos
  • Video Process
  • Authenticate
  • Aliases
• Advanced Usage
  • Image Description
  • Zip Images
  • Upload API
• Troubleshooting
• Development

Quickstart

Download the latest mapillary_tools binaries for your platform here: https://github.com/mapillary/mapillary_tools/releases/tag/v0.8.0

See more installation instructions below.

Upload imagery:

mapillary_tools process_and_upload "path/to/images/"

Requirements

User Authentication

To upload images to Mapillary, an account is required and can be created here. When using the tools for the first time, user authentication is required. You will be prompted to enter your account credentials.

Metadata

To upload images to Mapillary, image GPS and capture time are minimally required. More information here.

Installation

Installing via Pip

Python (3.6 and above) and git are required:

python3 -m pip install --upgrade git+https://github.com/mapillary/mapillary_tools

If you see "Permission Denied" error, try to run the command above with sudo, or install it in your local virtualenv (recommended).

Installing on Android Devices

A command line program such as Termux is required. Installation can be done without root privileges. The following commands will install Python 3, pip3, git, and all required libraries for mapillary_tools on Termux:

pkg install python git build-essential libgeos openssl libjpeg-turbo
python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel
python3 -m pip install --upgrade git+https://github.com/mapillary/mapillary_tools

Termux must access the device's internal storage to process and upload images. To do this, use the following command:

termux-setup-storage

Finally, on devices running Android 11, using a command line program, mapillary_tools will process images very slowly if they are in shared internal storage during processing. It is advisable to first move images to the command line program’s native directory before running mapillary_tools. For an example using Termux, if imagery is stored in the folder Internal storage/DCIM/mapillaryimages the following command will move that folder from shared storage to Termux:

mv -v storage/dcim/mapillaryimages mapillaryimages

Video Support

To process videos, you will also need to install ffmpeg.

You can download ffmpeg from here. Make sure it is executable and put the downloaded binaries in your $PATH. You can also install ffmpeg with your favourite package manager. For example:

On macOS, use Homebrew:

brew install ffmpeg

On Debian/Ubuntu:

sudo apt install ffmpeg

Usage

Process

The process command geotags images in the given directory. It extracts the required and optional metadata from image EXIF (or the other supported geotag sources), and writes all the metadata (or process errors) in an image description file, which will be read during upload.

Examples

Process all images in the directory path/to/images/ (and its sub-directories):

mapillary_tools process "path/to/images/"

Interpolate images in the directory path/to/images/ on the GPX track read from path/to/gpx_file.gpx. The images are required to contain capture time in order to sort the images and interpolate them.

mapillary_tools process "path/to/images/" \
    --geotag_source "gpx" \
    --geotag_source_path "path/to/gpx_file.gpx"

Process all images in the directory, specifying an angle offset of 90° for the camera direction and splitting images into sequences of images apart by less than 100 meters according to image GPS and less than 120 seconds according to image capture time.

mapillary_tools process "path/to/images/" \
    --offset_angle 90 \
    --cutoff_distance 100 \
    --cutoff_time 120

Upload Images

Images that have been successfully processed can be uploaded with the upload command.

Examples

Upload all processed images in the directory path/to/images/ to user mly_user for organization mly_organization_id . It is optional to specify --user_name if you have only one user authenticated.

mapillary_tools upload "path/to/images/" \
    --user_name "mly_user" \
    --organization_key "mly_organization_id"

Upload BlackVue Videos

BlackVue videos can be uploaded with the upload command and will be processed on Mapillary servers.

Examples

Upload a BlackVue video with file name video_file_name.mp4 to user mly_user for organization mly_organization_id . It is optional to specify --user_name if you have only one user authenticated.

mapillary_tools upload "video_file_name.mp4" \
    --user_name "mly_user" \
    --organization_key "mly_organization_id"

Video Process

Video process involves two commands:

1. sample_video: sample videos into images, and insert capture times to the image EXIF. Capture time is calculated based on the video start time and sampling interval. This is where ffmpeg is being used.
2. process: process (geotag) the sample images with the specified source

The two commands are usually combined into a single command video_process. See the examples below.

Examples

Sample the videos located in path/to/videos/ at the default sampling rate 2 seconds, i.e. one video frame every two seconds. Video frames will be sampled into a sub-directory path/to/videos/mapillary_sampled_video_frames.

mapillary_tools sample_video "path/to/videos/"

Sample the videos located in path/to/videos/ to directory path/to/sample_images/ at a sampling rate 0.5 seconds, i.e. two video frames every second.

mapillary_tools sample_video "path/to/videos/" "path/to/sample_images/" \
    --video_sample_interval 0.5

Sample the videos located in path/to/videos/ to the directory path/to/sample_images/ at the default sampling rate 1 second, i.e. one video frame every second, geotagging data from a gpx track stored in path/to/gpx_file.gpx video, assuming video start time can be extracted from the video file and deriving camera direction based on GPS.

mapillary_tools video_process "path/to/videos/" "path/to/sample_images/" \
    --geotag_source "gpx" \
    --geotag_source_path "path/to/gpx_file.gpx" \
    --video_sample_interval 1 \
    --interpolate_directions

GoPro videos: Sample GoPro videos in directory path/to/videos/ into import path path/to/sample_images/ at a sampling rate 0.5 seconds, i.e. two frames every second, reading geotag data from the GoPro videos in path/to/videos/.

mapillary_tools video_process "path/to/videos/" "path/to/sample_images/" \
    --geotag_source "gopro_videos" \
    --interpolate_directions \
    --video_sample_interval 0.5

BlackVue videos: Sample BlackVue videos in directory path/to/videos/ at a sampling rate 0.2 seconds, i.e. 5 frames every second and process resulting video frames for user mapillary_user, reading geotag data from the BlackVue videos in path/to/videos/.

mapillary_tools video_process "path/to/videos/" \
    --geotag_source "blackvue_videos"

Authenticate

The command authenticate will update the user credentials stored in the config file.

Examples

Authenticate new user:

mapillary_tools authenticate

Authenticate for user mly_user. If the user is already authenticated, it will update the credentials in the config:

mapillary_tools authenticate --user_name "mly_user"

Aliases

process_and_upload

process_and_upload command will run process and upload commands consecutively with combined required and optional arguments. It is equivalent to:

mapillary_tools process "path/to/images/"
mapillary_tools upload  "path/to/images/"

video_process

video_process command will run sample_video and process commands consecutively with combined required and optional arguments. It is equivalent to:

mapillary_tools sample_video "path/to/videos/" "path/to/images/"
mapillary_tools upload "path/to/images/"

video_process_and_upload

video_process_and_upload command will run sample_video and process_and_upload commands consecutively with combined required and optional arguments. It is equivalent to:

mapillary_tools sample_video "path/to/videos/" "path/to/videos/mapillary_sampled_video_frames/"
mapillary_tools process_and_upload "path/to/videos/mapillary_sampled_video_frames/"

Advanced Usage

Image Description

As the output, the procss command generates mapillary_image_description.json under the image directory by default. The file contains an array of objects, each of which records the metadata of one image in the image directory. The metadata is validated by the image description schema . Here is a minimal example:

[
  {
    "MAPLatitude": 58.5927694,
    "MAPLongitude": 16.1840944,
    "MAPCaptureTime": "2021_02_13_13_24_41_140",
    "filename": "IMG_0291.jpg"
  },
  {
    "error": {
      "type": "MapillaryGeoTaggingError",
      "message": "Unable to extract GPS Longitude or GPS Latitude from the image"
    },
    "filename": "IMG_0292.jpg"
  }
]

The upload command then takes the image description file as the input, zip images with the specified metadata, and then upload. The required filename property is used to associate images and metadata objects. Objects that contain error property will be ignored.

Examples

Write and read the image description file in another location. This is useful if the image directory is readonly.

mapillary_tools process "path/to/images/" --desc_path "description.json"
mapillary_tools upload  "path/to/images/" --desc_path "description.json"
# equivalent to
mapillary_tools process_and_upload  "path/to/images/" --desc_path "description.json"

Edit the description file with your own scripts, e.g. filter out images outside a bounding box, or snap image locations to the nearest roads:

mapillary_tools process "path/to/images/" --desc_path - \
    | ./filter_by_bbox.py 5.9559,45.818,10.4921,47.8084 \
    | ./map_match.py > "description.json"
mapillary_tools upload  "path/to/images/" --desc_path "description.json"

Geotag from a custom CSV format.

./custom_csv_to_description.sh special.csv | mapillary_tools upload "path/to/images/" --desc_path -

Geotag from a custom video format.

# sample with ffmpeg
ffmpeg -i "path/to/video.mp4" -vf fps=1/1 -qscale 1 -nostdin "path/to/images/video_%06d.jpg"
# extract geotags from the videos (or other sources)
./geotag_from_custom_video.sh "path/to/video.mp4" > "description.json"
# upload
mapillary_tools upload "path/to/images/" --desc_path "description.json"

Zip Images

When uploading an image directory, internally the upload command will zip sequences in the temporary directory (TMPDIR) and then upload these zip files.

Mapillary Tools provides zip command that allows users to specify where to store the zip files, usually somewhere with faster IO or more free space.

Examples:

Zip processed images in path/to/images/ and write zip files in path/to/zipped_images/:

mapillary_tools zip "path/to/images/" "path/to/zipped_images/"

Choose the image description file to write when zipping images:

mapillary_tools zip "path/to/images/" "path/to/zipped_images/" \
    --desc_path "path/to/image_description.json"

Then upload the zip files separately:

for zipfile in path/to/zipped_images/*.zip; do
    mapillary_tools upload "$zipfile"
    # optionally remove the zipfile after uploaded
    rm "$zipfile"
done

Upload API

mapillary_tools provides a simple Upload API interface:

class Uploader:
    def __init__(self, user_items: UserItem, emitter: EventEmitter = None, dry_run=False): ...

    def upload_zipfile(self, zip_path: str) -> Optional[int]: ...

    def upload_blackvue(self, blackvue_path: str) -> Optional[int]: ...

    def upload_images(self, descs: List[ImageDescriptionFile]) -> Dict[str, int]: ...

Examples

import os
from mapillary_tools import uploader

# To obtain your user access token, check https://www.mapillary.com/developer/api-documentation/#authentication
user_item = {
    "user_upload_token": "YOUR_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN",
    "MAPOrganizationKey": 1234,
}
mly_uploader = uploader.Uploader(user_item)

descs = [
    {
        "MAPLatitude": 58.5927694,
        "MAPLongitude": 16.1840944,
        "MAPCaptureTime": "2021_02_13_13_24_41_140",
        "filename": "path/to/IMG_0291.jpg",
        "MAPSequenceUUID": "sequence_1",
    },
    {
        "MAPLatitude": 58.5927694,
        "MAPLongitude": 16.1840944,
        "MAPCaptureTime": "2021_02_13_13_24_41_140",
        "filename": "path/to/IMG_0292.jpg",
        "MAPSequenceUUID": "sequence_2",
    },
]

# Upload images as 2 sequences
mly_uploader.upload_images(descs)

# Zip images
uploader.zip_images(descs, "path/to/zip_dir")

# Upload zip files
for zip_path in os.listdir("path/to/zip_dir"):
    if zip_path.endswith(".zip"):
        mly_uploader.upload_zipfile(zip_path)

# Upload blackvue videos directly
mly_uploader.upload_blackvue("path/to/blackvue.mp4")

See more examples in the unit tests or the upload command implementation.

Troubleshooting

In case of any issues with the installation and usage of mapillary_tools, check this section in case it has already been addressed, otherwise, open an issue on GitHub.

General

• In case of any issues, it is always safe to try and rerun the failing command while specifying --verbose to see more information printed out. Uploaded images should not get uploaded more than once and should not be processed after uploading. mapillary_tools should take care of that, if it occurs otherwise, please open an issue on GitHub.
• Make sure you run the latest version of mapillary_tools, which you can check with mapillary_tools --version. When installing the latest version, don't forget you need to specify --upgrade.
• Advanced user are encouraged to explore the processed data and the image description file in the path/to/images/mapillary_image_description.json to get more insight in the failure.

Run time issues

• HTTP Errors can occur due to poor network connection or high load on the import pipeline. In most cases the images eventually get uploaded regardless. But in some cases HTTP Errors can occur due to authentication issues, which can be resolved by either removing the config file with the users credentials, located in ~/.config/mapillary/config or running mapillary_tools authenticate.

• Missing required data is often the reason for failed uploads, especially if the processing included parsing external data like a gps trace. Images are aligned with a gps trace based on the image capture time and gps time, where the default assumption is that both are in UTC. Check the beginning and end date of your capture and the beginning and end date of the gps trace to make sure that the image capture time is in the scope of the gps trace. To correct any offset between the two capture times, you can specify --offset_time "offset time".

Upload quality issues

• Some devices do not store the camera direction properly, often storing only 0. Camera direction will get derived based on latitude and longitude only if the camera direction is not set or --interpolate_directions is specified. Before processing and uploading images, make sure that the camera direction is either correct or missing and in case it is present but incorrect, you specify -interpolate_directions.

Development

Clone the repository:

git clone git@github.com:mapillary/mapillary_tools.git
cd mapillary_tools

Set up the virtual environment. It is optional but recommended:

python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate # For Windows, run: .\venv\Scripts\activate
# verify if the venv is activated
which python3

Install dependencies:

python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements-dev.txt

Run the code from the repository:

python3 -m mapillary_tools --version

Run tests:

pytest tests

Run linting:

black mapillary_tools tests