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Linux Training 2023 : This repository contains all the linux commands with outputs day wise in the script files as well as details of each command in the description.

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✨ Linux-Training-Sessions ✨

Linux

⚛️ Day 1 Commands :

  • cal : Prints an ASCII calendar of the given month or year.
  • date : Displays the current date and time.
  • echo : Displays lines of text or string which are passed as arguments on the command line.
  • clear : Brings the command line on top of the computer terminal.
  • script : Makes typescript or records all the terminal activities.
  • ls : Lists directory contents of files and directories.
  • who : Prints information about users who are currently logged in.
  • whoami : Allows Linux users to see the currently logged-in user.
  • tty : Any terminal on Linux/Unix systems.
  • uname & uname -r : displays the information about the system. Option -r displays the Linux kernel release info.
  • cd (change directory) : Used to move efficiently from the current working directory to different directories in our System.
  • mkdir : Creates multiple directories in the current location.
  • rmdir : Removes the directory, specified by the Directory parameter, from the system.
  • rm -r : It will recursively delete a directory and all its contents.

⚛️ Day 2 Commands :

  • man : Used to display the user manual of any command that we can run on the terminal.
  • ls options :
    • ls -l : Displays the contents of the current directory in a long listing format, one per line (show permissions).
    • ls -a : Lists all files including hidden files (files with names beginning with a dot).
    • ls -author : Lists the contents in the specified directory along with its owner.
    • ls -C : Lists entries by columns.
    • ls -d : Lists directories - with ' */'.
    • ls -r : It is used to print the list in reverse order.
  • file creation through cat command :
    • cat > (to overwrite)
    • cat >> (to append)
    • cat (to view)
  • Empty file creation using touch command.
  • cp : cp stands for a copy. This command is used to copy files or groups of files or directories.
  • mv : Moves files and directories from one directory to another or renames a file or directory.
  • file : Used to determine the type of a file.
  • wc command : (stands for word count)
    • wc -l : Prints the number of lines in a file.
    • wc -w : Prints the number of words in a file.
    • wc -c : Displays the count of bytes in a file.
    • wc -m : Prints the count of characters from a file.
    • wc -L : Prints only the length of the longest line in a file.
  • cmp : Used to compare two files byte by byte and helps to find out whether the two files are identical or not.
  • comm : Compares two sorted files line by line and writes to standard output; the lines that are common and the lines that are unique.
  • sort : Prints the lines of its input or concatenation of all files listed in its argument list in sorted order.
  • redirection operator >
  • rm -i for interactive deletion of any file.
  • character class :
    • ????? placeholders
    • asterisks(**) to denote all

⚛️ Day 3 Commands :

  • chmod (change mode) :
    • relative permission : ('+' symbol is used add and '-' symbol is used to remove a specific permission from user , group or others.)
      • using ±r or ±w or ±x with ugo or a. ( 'a' stands for all , i.e., 'u'(user), 'g'(group) & 'o'(others). )
      • using ugo/a = ±r or ±w or ±x.
    • absolute permission using numbers :
      • 4 : read (r--)
      • 2 : write (-w-)
      • 1 : execute (--x)
        • 3 (2+1) : write & execute (-wx)
        • 5 (4+1) : read & execute (r-x)
        • 6 (4+2) : read & write (rw-)
        • 7 (4+2+1) : read, write & execute (rwx)
  • chmod -R : To assign same permissions of root directory to sub-directories.
  • umask : The umask command sets the file-creation mask using this format:
    • where mask is an octal number or symbolic value that correspond to the permissions to be disabled.
    • This umask command adds write permission to the group:
      • With no arguments, umask displays the current value.
  • ls -ls
  • redirection of output using > and >>
  • Character class :
    • [0-9] for digits (same as [!a-z]).
    • [a-z] for chars (same as [!0-9]).

⚛️ Day 4 Commands :

  • Linux- Vi Editor (it has three modes of operation) :
    • Command mode : Operations such as cut, copy, paste, delete, undo, redo etc.
    • Insert mode : Type in new text.
    • Esc mode : Extended commands for saving, exiting, search-and-replace can executed here.
  • vi to open a file.
  • Input Mode Commands :
    • i : Insert text to left of the cursor(Existing text shifted right).
    • a : Append text to right of cursor(Existing text shifted right).
    • I : Insert text at the beginning of line.
    • A : Append text at the end of the line.
    • o : Open line below.
    • O : Open line above
    • rch : Replaces single character under cursor with ch.
    • R : Replaces text from cursor to right.
    • s : Replaces single character under cursor with any number of characters.
    • S : Replaces entire line.

⚛️ Day 5 Commands :

  • grep command in pattern matching :
    • grep -v : Selects the non-matching lines of the provided input pattern.
    • grep -e : Union two grep patterns.
    • grep -n : Prefix each line of the matching output with the line number in the input file.
    • grep -c : Count number of lines matching to given pattern.
    • grep -i : Ignores case distinctions in patterns and input data.
    • grep "^pattern" (find specified pattern at the beginning).
    • grep "pattern$" (find specified pattern at the end).
    • grep "pattern1" |grep "pattern2" (pipe operator redirection used).

⚛️ Day 6 Commands :

  • /dev/null (special file of linux that has size of 0 bytes it's works like insularator)

  • /dev/tty (represent the own terminal)

  • | (pipe command)

  • ( ls | wc -l who |wc -l )

  • tee

  • ls |tee file

  • Command Substitution {`}

  • echo "Number of files are {`ls |wc -l } in present directorty"

  • Shell Variables

  • $x

  • expr $x + $y

  • expr $x - $y

  • expr $x * $y

  • expr $x / $y

  • exit status of last command echo $? ( 0 -- for successful 1 -- for i=unsuccessful )

  • x=20;y=30;z=40;m=20

  • test $x -eq $y;echo $? (equals)

  • test $x -ne $y;echo $? (not equals)

  • test $x -gt $y;echo $? (greater than)

  • test $x -lt $y;echo $? (less than)

  • test $x -ge $y;echo $? (greater than or equals to)

  • test $x -le $y;echo $? (less than or equals to)

  • who|tee /dev/tty|wc -l

  • ls |tee /dev/tty|grep -l "poem" *|wc -l >count

  • cat file>file (earse all the content of file)

⚛️ Day 7 Commands :

⚛️ Day 8 Commands :

  • process command ps
  • ps - l
  • ps -f (full screen )
  • ps -e (all process )
  • kill process_id
  • kill -9 process_id (super kill)
  • & (at the end of command to make it background process)
  • process scheduling
  • at (for one time scheduling)
  • batch
  • crontab

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Linux Training 2023 : This repository contains all the linux commands with outputs day wise in the script files as well as details of each command in the description.

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