Move builds to Fedora:40

[coryan]

Fedora:40 is out: https://fedoramagazine.org/announcing-fedora-linux-40/ that means Fedora:39 (what we use in most builds) will be EOL around 2024-11: https://endoflife.date/fedora

Time to start updating the builds. Start by making a list:

• The demo-install build (ty @coryan)
• The m32 build
• The bazel build
  • Handle future_error constructor being removed (llvm/llvm-project@d2cb198)
• The Cmake build
  • Fix the clang tidy issues
• The cxx20 build
  • Fix the absl log build error
• The cxx14 build
• Move publish docs build to Fedora:40 #14207
  • Fix the docfx to handle "operator<<"
  • More restrictive block-id character set in Doxygen >= 1.10 doxygen/doxygen#10859
• The msan build
  • Update the msan LLVM from 17 to 18
• The checkers build

If I was to do this again, I would make a script to make and submit all the PRs to run the builds in GCB. Then go and fix one by one.

[alevenberg]

For the publish-docs build

This does not generate docs

FAILED: google/cloud/CMakeFiles/cloud-docs /workspace/cmake-out/google/cloud/CMakeFiles/cloud-docs 
cd /workspace/google/cloud && /usr/bin/cmake -E make_directory /workspace/cmake-out/google/cloud && /usr/bin/doxygen /workspace/cmake-out/google/cloud/Doxyfile.cloud-docs
/workspace/google/cloud/doc/error-handling.dox:26: error: unable to resolve reference to 'google::cloud::operator<<(std::ostream&,google::cloud::Status const&)' for \ref command (warning treated as error, aborting now)
T+15.085s [...n_impl.cc.o
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
==> 🕑 publish-docs completed in 239.704 seconds

I think I need to follow something like #13852 first. I'm guessing the << needs to be escaped or something and is conflicting with the <> </> tags.

[alevenberg]

Closing for the fixit, moved the publish-docs to a separate issue.