Update arrow requirement from 50.0 to 51.0

[dependabot]

Updates the requirements on arrow to permit the latest version.

Changelog

Sourced from arrow's changelog.

51.0.0 (2024-03-15)

Full Changelog

Breaking changes:

• Remove internal buffering from AsyncArrowWriter (#5484) #5485 [parquet] (tustvold)
• Make ArrayBuilder also Sync #5353 [arrow] (dvic)
• Raw JSON writer (~10x faster) (#5314) #5318 [arrow] (tustvold)

Implemented enhancements:

• Prototype Arrow over HTTP in Rust #5496 [arrow]
• Add DataType::ListView and DataType::LargeListView #5492 [parquet] [arrow]
• Improve documentation around handling of dictionary arrays in arrow flight #5487 [arrow] [arrow-flight]
• Better memory limiting in parquet ArrowWriter #5484 [parquet]
• Support Creating Non-Nullable Lists and Maps within a Struct #5482 [arrow]
• [DISCUSSION] Better borrow propagation (e.g. RecordBatch::schema() to return &SchemaRef vs SchemaRef) #5463 [parquet] [arrow] [arrow-flight]
• Build Scalar with ArrayRef #5459
• AsyncArrowWriter doesn't limit underlying ArrowWriter to respect buffer-size #5450 [parquet]
• Refine Display implementation for FlightError #5438 [arrow] [arrow-flight]
• Better ergonomics for FixedSizeList and LargeList #5372 [arrow]
• Update Flight proto #5367 [arrow] [arrow-flight]
• Support check similar datatype but with different magnitudes #5358 [arrow]
• Buffer memory usage for custom allocations is reported as 0 #5346 [arrow]
• Can the ArrayBuilder trait be made Sync? #5344 [arrow]
• support cast 'UTF8' to FixedSizeList #5339 [arrow]
• Support Creating Non-Nullable Lists with ListBuilder #5330 [arrow]
• ParquetRecordBatchStreamBuilder::new() panics instead of erroring out when opening a corrupted file #5315 [parquet]
• Raw JSON Writer #5314 [arrow]
• Add support for more fused boolean operations #5297 [arrow]
• parquet: Allow disabling embed ARROW_SCHEMA_META_KEY added by the ArrowWriter #5296 [parquet]
• Support casting strings like '2001-01-01 01:01:01' to Date32 #5280 [arrow]
• Temporal Extract/Date Part Kernel #5266 [arrow]
• Support for extracting hours/minutes/seconds/etc. from Time32/Time64 type in temporal kernels #5261 [arrow]
• parquet: add method to get both the inner writer and the file metadata when closing SerializedFileWriter #5253 [parquet]
• Release arrow-rs version 50.0.0 #5234

Fixed bugs:

• Empty String Parses as Zero in Unreleased Arrow #5504 [arrow]
• Unused import in nightly rust #5476 [parquet] [arrow] [arrow-flight]
• Error The data type type List .. has no natural order when using arrow::compute::lexsort_to_indices with list and more than one column #5454 [arrow]
• Wrong size assertion in arrow_buffer::builder::NullBufferBuilder::new_from_buffer #5445 [arrow]
• Inconsistency between comments and code implementation #5430 [arrow]
• OOB access in Buffer::from_iter #5412 [arrow]
• Cast kernel doesn't return null for string to integral cases when overflowing under safe option enabled #5397 [arrow]
• Make ffi consume variable layout arrays with empty offsets #5391 [arrow]
• RecordBatch conversion from pyarrow loses Schema's metadata #5354 [arrow]
• Debug output of Time32/Time64 arrays with invalid values has confusing nulls #5336 [arrow]

... (truncated)

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