Add support for kubernetes version 1.30.0

[MichaelKatsoulis]

Proposed commit message

Add support to 1.30 Kubernetes version:

• Update documentation
• Change K8s cluster version to 1.30
• Update controller manager, scheduler and proxy metrics files.

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have made corresponding change to the default configuration files
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added an entry in CHANGELOG.next.asciidoc or CHANGELOG-developer.next.asciidoc.

Related issues

• Relates to Bump version to be ready for the next release #3068

[botelastic]

This pull request doesn't have a Team:<team> label.

[mergify]

This pull request does not have a backport label.
If this is a bug or security fix, could you label this PR @MichaelKatsoulis? 🙏.
For such, you'll need to label your PR with:

• The upcoming major version of the Elastic Stack
• The upcoming minor version of the Elastic Stack (if you're not pushing a breaking change)

To fixup this pull request, you need to add the backport labels for the needed
branches, such as:

• backport-v8./d.0 is the label to automatically backport to the 8./d branch. /d is the digit

[elasticmachine]

💔 Build Failed

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Build stats

• Start Time: 2024-04-25T13:57:30.775+0000

• Duration: 40 min 8 sec

Test stats 🧪

Test	Results
Failed	0
Passed	4583
Skipped	904
Total	5487

Steps errors

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Setup kind

• Took 0 min 13 sec . View more details here
• Description: .ci/scripts/kind-setup.sh

Integration tests

• Took 1 min 27 sec . View more details here
• Description: MODULE=kubernetes make -C metricbeat integration-tests

Error signal

• Took 0 min 0 sec . View more details here
• Description: Error 'hudson.AbortException: script returned exit code 2'

💚 Flaky test report

Tests succeeded.

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[MichaelKatsoulis]

Note:

Jenkins tests fail because it cannot create a kubernetes cluster with 1.30.0 version, as there is not such an image yet for kind in https://hub.docker.com/r/kindest/node/tags.
We should wait until the image gets released.