Tar: Improve unseekable stream handling (#84279)

* Add tests that verify we handle unseekable streams correctly.
Adjust existing unseekable stream tests to verify correct for all formats and with multiple tar entries.

* Add expected data field locations for all supported formats.

* Add exception message for when attempting to write an unseekable data stream into an unseekable archive stream.

* Add seekability validation in public TarWriter entry writing methods.

* Add TarFile stream roundtrip tests for unseekable streams.

* Add missing async TarFile roundtrip tests.

* Support unseekable streams in TarHeader.Write.

* Reuse and simplify the code.

* More reuse, remove unused and not needed.

* Remove TarFile.CreateFromDirectoryAsync.File.Roundtrip.cs. Submit it in a separate PR.

* Remove unnecessary resx comments.

* Dedicated method for writing fields to buffer depending on the format.

* Specify `Data` in name of method that expects unseekable data stream. Add extra debug asserts.

* Delete unnecessary method.

* Rename WritePadding to WriteEmptyPadding

* Rename test variables

* Merge identical test arrays into one

* Invert if else to be more clear about conditions

* remove size assign comment

* Remove redundant debug assert

* Async padding byte array creation simplification

* Apply suggestions from code review

---------

Co-authored-by: Adam Sitnik <adam.sitnik@gmail.com>

src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/Resources/Strings.resx

@@ -1,64 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <root>
-  <!-- 
-    Microsoft ResX Schema 
-    
-    Version 2.0
-    
-    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format 
-    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the 
-    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes 
-    associated with the data types.
-    
-    Example:
-    
-    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
-    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
-    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
-    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
-    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
-    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
-    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
-    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
-        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
-    </data>
-    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
-        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
-        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
-    </data>
-                
-    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple 
-    name/value pairs.
-    
-    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a 
-    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support 
-    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture. 
-    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the 
-    mimetype set.
-    
-    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the 
-    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not 
-    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
-    
-    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format 
-    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can 
-    read any of the formats listed below.
-    
-    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
-    value   : The object must be serialized with 
-            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
-            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
-    
-    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
-    value   : The object must be serialized with 
-            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
-            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
-
-    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
-    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array 
-            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
-            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
-    -->
   <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
     <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" />
     <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
@@ -270,4 +211,7 @@
   <data name="TarExtAttrDisallowedValueChar" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The value of the extended attribute key '{0}' contains a disallowed '{1}' character.</value>
   </data>
-</root>
+  <data name="TarStreamSeekabilityUnsupportedCombination" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Cannot write the unseekable data stream of entry '{0}' into an unseekable archive stream.</value>
+  </data>
+</root>

src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/FieldLocations.cs

@@ -49,5 +49,9 @@ internal static class FieldLocations
         internal const ushort V7Padding = LinkName + FieldLengths.LinkName;
         internal const ushort PosixPadding = Prefix + FieldLengths.Prefix;
         internal const ushort GnuPadding = RealSize + FieldLengths.RealSize;
+
+        internal const ushort V7Data = V7Padding + FieldLengths.V7Padding;
+        internal const ushort PosixData = PosixPadding + FieldLengths.PosixPadding;
+        internal const ushort GnuData = GnuPadding + FieldLengths.GnuPadding;
     }
 }

src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/src/System/Formats/Tar/TarWriter.cs

@@ -222,6 +222,7 @@ public void WriteEntry(TarEntry entry)
             ObjectDisposedException.ThrowIf(_isDisposed, this);
             ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(entry);
             ValidateEntryLinkName(entry._header._typeFlag, entry._header._linkName);
+            ValidateStreamsSeekability(entry);
             WriteEntryInternal(entry);
         }
 
@@ -270,6 +271,7 @@ public Task WriteEntryAsync(TarEntry entry, CancellationToken cancellationToken
             ObjectDisposedException.ThrowIf(_isDisposed, this);
             ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(entry);
             ValidateEntryLinkName(entry._header._typeFlag, entry._header._linkName);
+            ValidateStreamsSeekability(entry);
             return WriteEntryAsyncInternal(entry, cancellationToken);
         }
 
@@ -281,12 +283,8 @@ private void WriteEntryInternal(TarEntry entry)
 
             switch (entry.Format)
             {
-                case TarEntryFormat.V7:
-                    entry._header.WriteAsV7(_archiveStream, buffer);
-                    break;
-
-                case TarEntryFormat.Ustar:
-                    entry._header.WriteAsUstar(_archiveStream, buffer);
+                case TarEntryFormat.V7 or TarEntryFormat.Ustar:
+                    entry._header.WriteAs(entry.Format, _archiveStream, buffer);
                     break;
 
                 case TarEntryFormat.Pax:
@@ -323,8 +321,7 @@ private async Task WriteEntryAsyncInternal(TarEntry entry, CancellationToken can
 
             Task task = entry.Format switch
             {
-                TarEntryFormat.V7 => entry._header.WriteAsV7Async(_archiveStream, buffer, cancellationToken),
-                TarEntryFormat.Ustar => entry._header.WriteAsUstarAsync(_archiveStream, buffer, cancellationToken),
+                TarEntryFormat.V7 or TarEntryFormat.Ustar => entry._header.WriteAsAsync(entry.Format, _archiveStream, buffer, cancellationToken),
                 TarEntryFormat.Pax when entry._header._typeFlag is TarEntryType.GlobalExtendedAttributes => entry._header.WriteAsPaxGlobalExtendedAttributesAsync(_archiveStream, buffer, _nextGlobalExtendedAttributesEntryNumber++, cancellationToken),
                 TarEntryFormat.Pax => entry._header.WriteAsPaxAsync(_archiveStream, buffer, cancellationToken),
                 TarEntryFormat.Gnu => entry._header.WriteAsGnuAsync(_archiveStream, buffer, cancellationToken),
@@ -374,6 +371,14 @@ private async ValueTask WriteFinalRecordsAsync()
             return (fullPath, actualEntryName);
         }
 
+        private void ValidateStreamsSeekability(TarEntry entry)
+        {
+            if (!_archiveStream.CanSeek && entry._header._dataStream != null && !entry._header._dataStream.CanSeek)
+            {
+                throw new IOException(SR.Format(SR.TarStreamSeekabilityUnsupportedCombination, entry.Name));
+            }
+        }
+
         private static void ValidateEntryLinkName(TarEntryType entryType, string? linkName)
         {
             if (entryType is TarEntryType.HardLink or TarEntryType.SymbolicLink)

src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarFile/TarFile.ExtractToDirectory.Stream.Tests.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 // Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
 // The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.IO.Enumeration;
 using System.Linq;
 using Xunit;
 
@@ -204,5 +204,65 @@ public void PaxNameCollision_DedupInExtendedAttributes()
             Assert.True(File.Exists(path1));
             Assert.True(Path.Exists(path2));
         }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(GetTestTarFormats))]
+        public void UnseekableStreams_RoundTrip(TestTarFormat testFormat)
+        {
+            using TempDirectory root = new();
+
+            using MemoryStream sourceStream = GetTarMemoryStream(CompressionMethod.Uncompressed, testFormat, "many_small_files");
+            using WrappedStream sourceUnseekableArchiveStream = new(sourceStream, canRead: true, canWrite: false, canSeek: false);
+
+            TarFile.ExtractToDirectory(sourceUnseekableArchiveStream, root.Path, overwriteFiles: false);
+
+            using MemoryStream destinationStream = new();
+            using WrappedStream destinationUnseekableArchiveStream = new(destinationStream, canRead: true, canWrite: true, canSeek: false);
+            TarFile.CreateFromDirectory(root.Path, destinationUnseekableArchiveStream, includeBaseDirectory: false);
+
+            FileSystemEnumerable<FileSystemInfo> fileSystemEntries = new FileSystemEnumerable<FileSystemInfo>(
+                directory: root.Path,
+                transform: (ref FileSystemEntry entry) => entry.ToFileSystemInfo(),
+                options: new EnumerationOptions() { RecurseSubdirectories = true });
+
+            destinationStream.Position = 0;
+            using TarReader reader = new TarReader(destinationStream, leaveOpen: false);
+
+            // Size of files in many_small_files.tar are expected to be tiny and all equal
+            int bufferLength = 1024;
+            byte[] fileContent = new byte[bufferLength];
+            byte[] dataStreamContent = new byte[bufferLength];
+            TarEntry entry = reader.GetNextEntry();
+            do
+            {
+                Assert.NotNull(entry);
+                string entryPath = Path.TrimEndingDirectorySeparator(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Join(root.Path, entry.Name)));
+                FileSystemInfo fsi = fileSystemEntries.SingleOrDefault(file =>
+                    file.FullName == entryPath);
+                Assert.NotNull(fsi);
+                if (entry.EntryType is TarEntryType.RegularFile or TarEntryType.V7RegularFile)
+                {
+                    Assert.NotNull(entry.DataStream);
+
+                    using Stream fileData = File.OpenRead(fsi.FullName);
+
+                    // If the size of the files in manu_small_files.tar ever gets larger than bufferLength,
+                    // these asserts should fail and the test will need to be updated
+                    AssertExtensions.LessThanOrEqualTo(entry.Length, bufferLength);
+                    AssertExtensions.LessThanOrEqualTo(fileData.Length, bufferLength);
+
+                    Assert.Equal(fileData.Length, entry.Length);
+
+                    Array.Clear(fileContent);
+                    Array.Clear(dataStreamContent);
+
+                    fileData.ReadExactly(fileContent, 0, (int)entry.Length);
+                    entry.DataStream.ReadExactly(dataStreamContent, 0, (int)entry.Length);
+
+                    AssertExtensions.SequenceEqual(fileContent, dataStreamContent);
+                }
+            }
+            while ((entry = reader.GetNextEntry()) != null);
+        }
     }
 }

src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarFile/TarFile.ExtractToDirectoryAsync.Stream.Tests.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 // Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
 // The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.IO.Enumeration;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
@@ -269,5 +269,65 @@ await using (TarWriter writer = new(stream, TarEntryFormat.Pax, leaveOpen: true)
             Assert.True(File.Exists(path1));
             Assert.True(Path.Exists(path2));
         }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(GetTestTarFormats))]
+        public async Task UnseekableStreams_RoundTrip_Async(TestTarFormat testFormat)
+        {
+            using TempDirectory root = new();
+
+            await using MemoryStream sourceStream = GetTarMemoryStream(CompressionMethod.Uncompressed, testFormat, "many_small_files");
+            await using WrappedStream sourceUnseekableArchiveStream = new(sourceStream, canRead: true, canWrite: false, canSeek: false);
+
+            await TarFile.ExtractToDirectoryAsync(sourceUnseekableArchiveStream, root.Path, overwriteFiles: false);
+
+            await using MemoryStream destinationStream = new();
+            await using WrappedStream destinationUnseekableArchiveStream = new(destinationStream, canRead: true, canWrite: true, canSeek: false);
+            await TarFile.CreateFromDirectoryAsync(root.Path, destinationUnseekableArchiveStream, includeBaseDirectory: false);
+
+            FileSystemEnumerable<FileSystemInfo> fileSystemEntries = new FileSystemEnumerable<FileSystemInfo>(
+                directory: root.Path,
+                transform: (ref FileSystemEntry entry) => entry.ToFileSystemInfo(),
+                options: new EnumerationOptions() { RecurseSubdirectories = true });
+
+            destinationStream.Position = 0;
+            await using TarReader reader = new TarReader(destinationStream, leaveOpen: false);
+
+            // Size of files in many_small_files.tar are expected to be tiny and all equal
+            int bufferLength = 1024;
+            byte[] fileContent = new byte[bufferLength];
+            byte[] dataStreamContent = new byte[bufferLength];
+            TarEntry entry = await reader.GetNextEntryAsync();
+            do
+            {
+                Assert.NotNull(entry);
+                string entryPath = Path.TrimEndingDirectorySeparator(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Join(root.Path, entry.Name)));
+                FileSystemInfo fsi = fileSystemEntries.SingleOrDefault(file =>
+                    file.FullName == entryPath);
+                Assert.NotNull(fsi);
+                if (entry.EntryType is TarEntryType.RegularFile or TarEntryType.V7RegularFile)
+                {
+                    Assert.NotNull(entry.DataStream);
+
+                    await using Stream fileData = File.OpenRead(fsi.FullName);
+
+                    // If the size of the files in manu_small_files.tar ever gets larger than bufferLength,
+                    // these asserts should fail and the test will need to be updated
+                    AssertExtensions.LessThanOrEqualTo(entry.Length, bufferLength);
+                    AssertExtensions.LessThanOrEqualTo(fileData.Length, bufferLength);
+
+                    Assert.Equal(fileData.Length, entry.Length);
+
+                    Array.Clear(fileContent);
+                    Array.Clear(dataStreamContent);
+
+                    await fileData.ReadExactlyAsync(fileContent, 0, (int)entry.Length);
+                    await entry.DataStream.ReadExactlyAsync(dataStreamContent, 0, (int)entry.Length);
+
+                    AssertExtensions.SequenceEqual(fileContent, dataStreamContent);
+                }
+            }
+            while ((entry = await reader.GetNextEntryAsync()) != null);
+        }
     }
 }

src/libraries/System.Formats.Tar/tests/TarReader/TarReader.GetNextEntry.Tests.cs

@@ -161,13 +161,18 @@ public void GetNextEntry_CopyDataTrue_UnseekableArchive()
             Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => entry.DataStream.Read(new byte[1]));
         }
 
-        [Fact]
-        public void GetNextEntry_CopyDataFalse_UnseekableArchive_Exceptions()
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData(TarEntryFormat.V7)]
+        [InlineData(TarEntryFormat.Ustar)]
+        [InlineData(TarEntryFormat.Pax)]
+        [InlineData(TarEntryFormat.Gnu)]
+        public void GetNextEntry_CopyDataFalse_UnseekableArchive_Exceptions(TarEntryFormat format)
         {
-            MemoryStream archive = new MemoryStream();
-            using (TarWriter writer = new TarWriter(archive, TarEntryFormat.Ustar, leaveOpen: true))
+            TarEntryType fileEntryType = GetTarEntryTypeForTarEntryFormat(TarEntryType.RegularFile, format);
+            using MemoryStream archive = new MemoryStream();
+            using (TarWriter writer = new TarWriter(archive, format, leaveOpen: true))
             {
-                UstarTarEntry entry1 = new UstarTarEntry(TarEntryType.RegularFile, "file.txt");
+                TarEntry entry1 = InvokeTarEntryCreationConstructor(format, fileEntryType, "file.txt");
                 entry1.DataStream = new MemoryStream();
                 using (StreamWriter streamWriter = new StreamWriter(entry1.DataStream, leaveOpen: true))
                 {
@@ -176,30 +181,34 @@ public void GetNextEntry_CopyDataFalse_UnseekableArchive_Exceptions()
                 entry1.DataStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); // Rewind to ensure it gets written from the beginning
                 writer.WriteEntry(entry1);
 
-                UstarTarEntry entry2 = new UstarTarEntry(TarEntryType.Directory, "dir");
+                TarEntry entry2 = InvokeTarEntryCreationConstructor(format, TarEntryType.Directory, "dir");
                 writer.WriteEntry(entry2);
             }
 
             archive.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
             using WrappedStream wrapped = new WrappedStream(archive, canRead: true, canWrite: false, canSeek: false);
-            UstarTarEntry entry;
+            TarEntry entry;
+            byte[] b = new byte[1];
             using (TarReader reader = new TarReader(wrapped)) // Unseekable
             {
-                entry = reader.GetNextEntry(copyData: false) as UstarTarEntry;
+                entry = reader.GetNextEntry(copyData: false);
                 Assert.NotNull(entry);
-                Assert.Equal(TarEntryType.RegularFile, entry.EntryType);
+                Assert.Equal(fileEntryType, entry.EntryType);
                 entry.DataStream.ReadByte(); // Reading is possible as long as we don't move to the next entry
 
                 // Attempting to read the next entry should automatically move the position pointer to the beginning of the next header
-                Assert.NotNull(reader.GetNextEntry());
+                TarEntry entry2 = reader.GetNextEntry();
+                Assert.NotNull(entry2);
+                Assert.Equal(format, entry2.Format);
+                Assert.Equal(TarEntryType.Directory, entry2.EntryType);
                 Assert.Null(reader.GetNextEntry());
 
                 // This is not possible because the position of the main stream is already past the data
-                Assert.Throws<EndOfStreamException>(() => entry.DataStream.Read(new byte[1]));
+                Assert.Throws<EndOfStreamException>(() => entry.DataStream.Read(b));
             }
 
             // The reader must stay alive because it's in charge of disposing all the entries it collected
-            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => entry.DataStream.Read(new byte[1]));
+            Assert.Throws<ObjectDisposedException>(() => entry.DataStream.Read(b));
         }
 
         [Theory]