Speed up normalize_chunks

[Illviljan]

This PR attempts to speed up normalize_chunks a bit because it was one of the more significant bottlenecks when initailizing many dask arrays.

• Removes a lot of duplicated checks.
• Adds type hints to further make sure things work as intended.

• Closes #xxxx
• Tests added / passed
• Passes pre-commit run --all-files

Performance comparison:

chunks = ((3, 3), (4, 4))
shape = (6, 8)
%timeit normalize_chunks(chunks, shape)
6.02 µs ± 312 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each) PR
13.1 µs ± 204 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each) Main

chunks = (3, (4, 4))
shape = (6, 8)
%timeit normalize_chunks(chunks, shape)
17.6 µs ± 282 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each) PR
26.1 µs ± 1.05 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each) Main

chunks = ("auto", (4, 4))
shape = (6, 8)
dtype=np.dtype(np.int32)
%timeit normalize_chunks(chunks, shape, dtype=dtype)
53.5 µs ± 566 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each) PR
63.5 µs ± 3.26 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each) Main

[Illviljan]

dask/array/core.py:3090: error: Statement is unreachable  [unreachable]
dask/array/core.py:3109: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "Tuple[Union[Tuple[Union[Union[int, float], Union[str, Literal['auto']]], ...], Tuple[Tuple[Union[int, float], ...], ...]]]", variable has type "Union[Tuple[Union[Union[int, float], Union[str, Literal['auto']]], ...], Tuple[Tuple[Union[int, float], ...], ...]]")  [assignment]
dask/array/core.py:3165: error: Argument 1 to "append" of "list" has incompatible type "str"; expected "Tuple[Union[Union[int, float], Literal['auto']], ...]"  [arg-type]
dask/array/core.py:3180: error: Argument 1 to "append" of "list" has incompatible type "str"; expected "Tuple[Union[Union[int, float], Literal['auto']], ...]"  [arg-type]
dask/array/core.py:3201: error: Argument 1 to "tuple" has incompatible type "List[Tuple[Union[Union[int, float], Literal['auto']], ...]]"; expected "Iterable[Tuple[Union[int, float], ...]]"  [arg-type]

[Illviljan]

FAILED dask/array/tests/test_array_core.py::test_tiledb_roundtrip - ValueError: Chunk element is not supported. Got 3 from [3, 3]
FAILED dask/array/tests/test_array_core.py::test_tiledb_multiattr - ValueError: Chunk element is not supported. Got 100 from [100, 100]
= 2 failed, 11618 passed, 961 skipped, 84 xfailed, 56 xpassed, 3867 warnings in 750.50s (0:12:30) =

Odd errors. How are these elements not int or float?

Edit: They are numpy integers...