In this example, these limitations are addressed by development of an ArQmA Onion Blockchain Explorer. The example not only shows how to use ArQmA C++ libraries, but also demonstrates how to use:
- crow - C++ micro web framework
- mstch - C++ {{mustache}} templates
- json - JSON for Modern C++
- fmt - Small, safe and fast string formatting library
Arqma Network MainNet:
- https://explorer.arqma.com - based on Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer with new FrontEnd.
- https://blocks.arqma.com - original Arqma Network Blockchain Explorer based on Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer.
Arqma Network TestNet:
Arqma Network StageNet(DevNet):
- https://stagenet.arqma.com - StageNet version of MainNet Explorer used for Arqma Codebase Development and not only. Have no influence to MainNet.
The key features of the ArQmA Onion Blockchain Explorer are:
- no cookies, no web analytics trackers, no images,
- open sourced,
- made fully in C++,
- showing encrypted payments ID,
- showing ring signatures,
- showing transaction extra field,
- showing public components of ArQmA addresses,
- decoding which outputs and mixins belong to the given ArQmA address and viewkey,
- can prove that you send ArQmA to someone,
- detailed information about ring members, such as, their age, timescale and their ring sizes,
- showing number of amount output indices,
- support ArQmA testnet and stagnet networks,
- tx checker and pusher for online pushing of transactions,
- estimate possible spendings based on address and viewkey,
- can provide total amount of all miner fees,
- decoding encrypted payment id,
- decoding outputs and proving txs sent to sub-address,
- can list RandomARQ code for each block.
Download and compile the most recent ArQmA into your home folder:
# first install ArQmA dependecines
sudo apt update
sudo apt install git build-essential cmake pkg-config libboost-all-dev libssl-dev libsodium-dev libunwind-dev liblzma-dev libreadline8-dev libldns-dev libexpat1-dev doxygen graphviz libudev-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libhidapi-dev
# go to home folder
cd ~
git clone --recursive https://github.com/arqma/arqma
cd arqma/
USE_SINGLE_BUILDDIR=1 makeOnce the ArQmA is compiles, the explorer can be downloaded and compiled as follows:
# go to home folder if still in ~/arqma
cd
# download the source code
git clone https://github.com/arqma/explorer-arqma.git
# enter the downloaded sourced code folder
cd explorer-arqma
# compile
makeTo run it:
./arqblocks
By default it will look for blockchain in its default location i.e., ~/.arqma/lmdb.
You can use -b option if its in different location.
For example:
./arqblocks -b /home/arqma/non-defult-arqma-location/lmdb/Example output:
[arqma@us blockchain-explorer]$ ./arqblocks
2016-May-28 10:04:49.160280 Blockchain initialized. last block: 1056761, d0.h0.m12.s47 time ago, current difficulty: 1517857750
(2016-05-28 02:04:49) [INFO ] Crow/0.1 server is running, local port 8081Go to your browser: http://127.0.0.1:8081
arqblocks, Arqma Onion Blockchain Explorer:
-h [ --help ] [=arg(=1)] (=0) produce help message
-t [ --testnet ] [=arg(=1)] (=0) use testnet blockchain
-s [ --stagenet ] [=arg(=1)] (=0) use stagenet blockchain
--enable-pusher [=arg(=1)] (=1) enable signed transaction pusher
--enable-random-arq [=arg(=1)] (=1) enable generation of random_arq code
--enable-mixin-details [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable mixin details for key images, e.g., timescale, mixin of mixins, in tx context
--enable-key-image-checker [=arg(=1)] (=1) enable key images file checker
--enable-output-key-checker [=arg(=1)] (=1) enable outputs key file checker
--enable-json-api [=arg(=1)] (=1) enable JSON REST api
--enable-as-hex [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable links to provide hex representation of an tx and block
--enable-autorefresh-option [=arg(=1)] (=1) enable users to have the index page on autorefresh
--enable-emission-monitor [=arg(=1)] (=1) enable Arqma Network total emission monitoring thread
-p [ --port ] arg (=19990) default explorer port
-x [ --bindaddr ] arg (=0.0.0.0) default bind address for the explorer (default=127.0.0.1)
--testnet-url arg you can specify testnet url, if you run it on mainnet or stagenet. link will show on front page to testnet explorer
--stagenet-url arg you can specify stagenet url, if you run it on mainnet or testnet. link will show on front page to stagenet explorer
--mainnet-url arg you can specify mainnet url, if you run it on testnet or stagenet. link will show on front page to mainnet explorer
--no-blocks-on-index arg (=49) number of last blocks to be shown on index page
--mempool-info-timeout arg (=5000) maximum time, in milliseconds, to wait for mempool data for the front page
--mempool-refresh-time arg (=5) time, in seconds, for each refresh of mempool state
-c [ --concurrency ] arg (=0) number of threads handling queries. 0 (default) is auto and depends on host CPU
-b [ --bc-path ] arg path to lmdb folder of the blockchain, e.g., ~/.arqma/lmdb
--ssl-crt-file arg path to crt file for ssl (https) functionality
--ssl-key-file arg path to key file for ssl (https) functionality
-d [ --daemon-url ] arg (=http:://127.0.0.1:19994) Arqma Network daemon url
Example usage, defined as bash aliases.
# for mainnet explorer
alias arqblocksmainnet='~/blockchain-explorer/build/arqblocks --testnet-url "http://139.162.32.245:8082"'Obtaining current Arqma emission amount is not straight forward. Thus, by default it is
disabled. To enable it use --enable-emission-monitor flag, e.g.,
arqblocks --enable-emission-monitorThis flag will enable emission monitoring thread. When started, the thread
will initially scan the entire blockchain, and calculate the cumulative emission based on each block.
Since it is a separate thread, the explorer will work as usual during this time.
Every 10000 blocks, the thread will save current emission in a file, by default,
in ~/.arqma/lmdb/emission_amount.txt. For testnet or stagenet networks,
it is ~/.arqma/testnet/lmdb/emission_amount.txt or ~/.arqma/stagenet/lmdb/emission_amount.txt. This file is used so that we don't
need to rescan entire blockchain whenever the explorer is restarted. When the
explorer restarts, the thread will first check if ~/.arqma/lmdb/emission_amount.txt
is present, read its values, and continue from there if possible. Subsequently, only the initial
use of the tread is time consuming. Once the thread scans the entire blockchain, it updates
the emission amount using new blocks as they come. Since the explorer writes this file, there can
be only one instance of it running for mainnet, testnet and stagenet. Thus, for example, you cant have
two explorers for mainnet
running at the same time, as they will be trying to write and read the same file at the same time,
leading to unexpected results. Off course having one instance for mainnet and one instance for testnet
is fine, as they write to different files.
When the emission monitor is enabled, information about current emission of coinbase and fees is displayed on the front page, e.g., :
Arqma emission (fees) is 14485540.430 (52545.373) as of 1313448 block
The values given, can be checked using Arqma daemon's print_coinbase_tx_sum command.
For example, for the above example: print_coinbase_tx_sum 0 1313449.
To disable the monitor, simply restart the explorer without --enable-emission-monitor flag.
By default, the explorer does not use ssl. But it has such a functionality.
As an example, you can generate your own ssl certificates as follows:
cd /tmp # example folder
openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crtHaving the crt and key files, run arqblocks in the following way:
./arqblocks --ssl-crt-file=/tmp/server.crt --ssl-key-file=/tmp/server.keyNote: Because we generated our own certificate, modern browsers will complain about it as they cant verify the signatures against any third party. So probably for any practical use need to have properly issued ssl certificates.
The explorer has JSON api. For the API, it uses conventions defined by JSend.
By default the api is disabled. To enable it, use --enable-json-api flag, e.g.,
./arqblocks --enable-json-api
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/transaction/6093260dbe79fd6277694d14789dc8718f1bd54457df8bab338c2efa3bb0f03d"Partial results shown:
{
"data": {
"block_height": 1268252,
"coinbase": false,
"confirmations": 1,
"current_height": 1268253,
"extra": "01be23e277aed6b5f41f66b05244bf994c13108347366ec678ae16657f0fc3a22b",
"inputs": [
{
"amount": 0,
"key_image": "67838fd0ffd79f13e735830d3ec60412aed59e53e1f997feb6f73d088b949611",
"mixins": [
{
"block_no": 1238623,
"public_key": "0a5b853c55303c10e1326acfb085b9e246e088b1ccac7e37f7a810d46a28a914"
},
{
"block_no": 1246942,
"public_key": "527cf86f5abbfb006c970f7c6eb40493786d4751306f8985c6a43f98a88c0dff"
}
]
}
],
"mixin": 9,
"outputs": [
{
"amount": 0,
"public_key": "525779873776e4a42f517fd79b72e7c31c3ba03e730fc32287f6414fb702c1d7"
},
{
"amount": 0,
"public_key": "e25f00fceb77af841d780b68647618812695b4ca6ebe338faba6e077f758ac30"
}
],
"payment_id": "",
"payment_id8": "",
"rct_type": 1,
"timestamp": 1489753456,
"timestamp_utc": "2017-03-17 12:24:16",
"tx_fee": 12517785574,
"tx_hash": "6093260dbe79fd6277694d14789dc8718f1bd54457df8bab338c2efa3bb0f03d",
"tx_size": 13323,
"tx_version": 2,
"arq_inputs": 0,
"arq_outputs": 0
},
"status": "success"
}Transactions in last 25 blocks
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/transactions"Partial results shown:
{
"data": {
"blocks": [
{
"age": "33:16:49:53",
"height": 1268252,
"size": 105390000000000000,
"timestamp": 1489753456,
"timestamp_utc": "2017-03-17 12:24:16",
"txs": [
{
"coinbase": true,
"mixin": 0,
"outputs": 8491554678365,
"rct_type": 0,
"tx_fee": 0,
"tx_hash": "7c4286f64544568265bb5418df84ae69afaa3567749210e46f8340c247f4803f",
"tx_size": 151000000000000,
"tx_version": 2
},
{
"coinbase": false,
"mixin": 5,
"outputs": 0,
"rct_type": 2,
"tx_fee": 17882516700,
"tx_hash": "2bfbccb918ee5f050808dd040ce03943b7315b81788e9cdee59cf86b557ba48c",
"tx_size": 19586000000000000,
"tx_version": 2
}
]
}
],
"limit": 25,
"page": 0
},
"status": "success"
}curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/transactions?page=2&limit=10"Result analogical to the one above.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/block/1293257"Partial results shown:
{
"data": {
"block_height": 1293257,
"block_reward": 0,
"current_height": 1293264,
"hash": "9ef6bb8f9b8bd253fc6390e5c2cdc45c8ee99fad16447437108bf301fe6bd6e1",
"size": 141244,
"timestamp": 1492761974,
"timestamp_utc": "2017-04-21 08:06:14",
"txs": [
{
"coinbase": true,
"extra": "018ae9560eb85d5ebd22d3beaed55c21d469eab430c5e3cac61b3fe2f5ad156770020800000001a9030800",
"mixin": 0,
"payment_id": "",
"payment_id8": "",
"rct_type": 0,
"tx_fee": 0,
"tx_hash": "3ff71b65bec34c9261e01a856e6a03594cf0472acf6b77db3f17ebd18eaa30bf",
"tx_size": 95,
"tx_version": 2,
"arq_inputs": 0,
"arq_outputs": 8025365394426
}
]
},
"status": "success"
}Return all txs in the mempool.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/mempool"Partial results shown:
{
"data": {
"limit": 100000000,
"page": 0,
"total_page_no": 0,
"txs": [
{
"coinbase": false,
"extra": "022100325f677d96f94155a4840a84d8e0c905f7a4697a25744633bcb438feb1e51fb2012eda81bf552c53c2168f4130dbe0265c3a7898f3a7eee7c1fed955a778167b5d",
"mixin": 3,
"payment_id": "325f677d96f94155a4840a84d8e0c905f7a4697a25744633bcb438feb1e51fb2",
"payment_id8": "",
"rct_type": 2,
"timestamp": 1494470894,
"timestamp_utc": "2017-05-11 02:48:14",
"tx_fee": 15894840000,
"tx_hash": "9f3374f8ac67febaab153eab297937a3d0d2c706601e496bf5028146da0c9aef",
"tx_size": 13291,
"tx_version": 2,
"arq_inputs": 0,
"arq_outputs": 0
}
],
"txs_no": 7
},
"status": "success"
}Limit of 100000000 is just default value above to ensure that all mempool txs are fetched if no specific limit given.
Return number of newest mempool txs, e.g., only 10.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/mempool?limit=10"Result analogical to the one above.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/search/1293669"Partial results shown:
{
"data": {
"block_height": 1293669,
"current_height": 1293670,
"hash": "5d55b8fabf85b0b4c959d66ad509eb92ddfe5c2b0e84e1760abcb090195c1913",
"size": 118026,
"timestamp": 1492815321,
"timestamp_utc": "2017-04-21 22:55:21",
"title": "block",
"txs": [
{
"coinbase": true,
"extra": "01cb7fda09033a5fa06dc601b9295ef3790397cf3c645e958e34cf7ab699d2f5230208000000027f030200",
"mixin": 0,
"payment_id": "",
"payment_id8": "",
"rct_type": 0,
"tx_fee": 0,
"tx_hash": "479ba432f5c88736b438dd4446a11a13046a752d469f7828151f5c5b86be4e9a",
"tx_size": 95,
"tx_version": 2,
"arq_inputs": 0,
"arq_outputs": 7992697599717
}
]
},
"status": "success"
}For txprove=0 we check which outputs belong to given address and corresponding viewkey.
For txprove=1 we use to prove to the recipient that we sent them founds.
For this, we use recipient's address and our tx private key as a viewkey value,
i.e., viewkey=<tx_private_key>
Checking outputs:
# we use here official Arqma project's donation address as an example
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/outputs?txhash=17049bc5f2d9fbca1ce8dae443bbbbed2fc02f1ee003ffdd0571996905faa831&address=44AFFq5kSiGBoZ4NMDwYtN18obc8AemS33DBLWs3H7otXft3XjrpDtQGv7SqSsaBYBb98uNbr2VBBEt7f2wfn3RVGQBEP3A&viewkey=f359631075708155cc3d92a32b75a7d02a5dcf27756707b47a2b31b21c389501&txprove=0"{
"data": {
"address": "42f18fc61586554095b0799b5c4b6f00cdeb26a93b20540d366932c6001617b75db35109fbba7d5f275fef4b9c49e0cc1c84b219ec6ff652fda54f89f7f63c88",
"outputs": [
{
"amount": 34980000000000,
"match": true,
"output_idx": 0,
"output_pubkey": "35d7200229e725c2bce0da3a2f20ef0720d242ecf88bfcb71eff2025c2501fdb"
},
{
"amount": 0,
"match": false,
"output_idx": 1,
"output_pubkey": "44efccab9f9b42e83c12da7988785d6c4eb3ec6e7aa2ae1234e2f0f7cb9ed6dd"
}
],
"tx_hash": "17049bc5f2d9fbca1ce8dae443bbbbed2fc02f1ee003ffdd0571996905faa831",
"tx_prove": false,
"viewkey": "f359631075708155cc3d92a32b75a7d02a5dcf27756707b47a2b31b21c389501"
},
"status": "success"
}Proving transfer:
We use recipient's address (i.e. not our address from which we sent arq to recipient).
For the viewkey, we use tx_private_key (although the GET variable is still called viewkey) that we obtained by sending this txs.
# this is for testnet transaction
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8082/api/outputs?txhash=94782a8c0aa8d8768afa0c040ef0544b63eb5148ca971a024ac402cad313d3b3&address=9wUf8UcPUtb2huK7RphBw5PFCyKosKxqtGxbcKBDnzTCPrdNfJjLjtuht87zhTgsffCB21qmjxjj18Pw7cBnRctcKHrUB7N&viewkey=e94b5bfc599d2f741d6f07e3ab2a83f915e96fb374dfb2cd3dbe730e34ecb40b&txprove=1"{
"data": {
"address": "71bef5945b70bc0a31dbbe6cd0bd5884fe694bbfd18fff5f68f709438554fb88a51b1291e378e2f46a0155108782c242cc1be78af229242c36d4f4d1c4f72da2",
"outputs": [
{
"amount": 1000000000,
"match": true,
"output_idx": 0,
"output_pubkey": "c1bf4dd020b5f0ab70bd672d2f9e800ea7b8ab108b080825c1d6cfc0b7f7ee00"
},
{
"amount": 0,
"match": false,
"output_idx": 1,
"output_pubkey": "8c61fae6ada2a103565dfdd307c7145b2479ddb1dab1eaadfa6c34db65d189d5"
}
],
"tx_hash": "94782a8c0aa8d8768afa0c040ef0544b63eb5148ca971a024ac402cad313d3b3",
"tx_prove": true,
"viewkey": "e94b5bfc599d2f741d6f07e3ab2a83f915e96fb374dfb2cd3dbe730e34ecb40b"
},
"status": "success"
}Result analogical to the one above.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/networkinfo"{
"data": {
"alt_blocks_count": 0,
"block_size_limit": 600000,
"cumulative_difficulty": 2091549555696348,
"difficulty": 7941560081,
"fee_per_kb": 303970000,
"grey_peerlist_size": 4991,
"hash_rate": 66179667,
"height": 1310423,
"incoming_connections_count": 0,
"outgoing_connections_count": 5,
"start_time": 1494822692,
"status": "OK",
"target": 120,
"target_height": 0,
"testnet": false,
"top_block_hash": "76f9e85d62415312758bc09e0b9b48fd2b005231ad1eee435a8081e551203f82",
"tx_count": 1219048,
"tx_pool_size": 2,
"white_peerlist_size": 1000
},
"status": "success"
}Search for our outputs in last few blocks (up to 5 blocks), using provided address and viewkey.
# testnet address
curl -w "\n" -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/outputsblocks?address=9sDyNU82ih1gdhDgrqHbEcfSDFASjFgxL9B9v5f1AytFUrYsVEj7bD9Pyx5Sw2qLk8HgGdFM8qj5DNecqGhm24Ce6QwEGDi&viewkey=807079280293998634d66e745562edaaca45c0a75c8290603578b54e9397e90a&limit=5&mempool=1Example result:
{
{
"data": {
"address": "0182d5be0f708cecf2b6f9889738bde5c930fad846d5b530e021afd1ae7e24a687ad50af3a5d38896655669079ad0163b4a369f6c852cc816dace5fc7792b72f",
"height": 960526,
"limit": "5",
"mempool": true,
"outputs": [
{
"amount": 33000000000000,
"block_no": 0,
"in_mempool": true,
"output_idx": 1,
"output_pubkey": "2417b24fc99b2cbd9459278b532b37f15eab6b09bbfc44f9d17e15cd25d5b44f",
"payment_id": "",
"tx_hash": "9233708004c51d15f44e86ac1a3b99582ed2bede4aaac6e2dd71424a9147b06f"
},
{
"amount": 2000000000000,
"block_no": 960525,
"in_mempool": false,
"output_idx": 0,
"output_pubkey": "9984101f5471dda461f091962f1f970b122d4469077aed6b978a910dc3ed4576",
"payment_id": "0000000000000055",
"tx_hash": "37825d0feb2e96cd10fa9ec0b990ac2e97d2648c0f23e4f7d68d2298996acefd"
},
{
"amount": 96947454120000,
"block_no": 960525,
"in_mempool": false,
"output_idx": 1,
"output_pubkey": "e4bded8e2a9ec4d41682a34d0a37596ec62742b28e74b897fcc00a47fcaa8629",
"payment_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001234",
"tx_hash": "4fad5f2bdb6dbd7efc2ce7efa3dd20edbd2a91640ce35e54c6887f0ee5a1a679"
}
],
"viewkey": "807079280293998634d66e745562edaaca45c0a75c8290603578b54e9397e90a"
},
"status": "success"
}curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/emission"{
"data": {
"blk_no": 1313969,
"coinbase": 14489473877253413000,
"fee": 52601974988641130
},
"status": "success"
}Emission only works when the emission monitoring thread is enabled.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/version"{
"data": {
"api": 65536,
"blockchain_height": 1357031,
"git_branch_name": "update_to_current_arqma",
"last_git_commit_date": "2020-07-25",
"last_git_commit_hash": "a549f25",
"arqma_version_full": "0.6.1.0-ab594cfe"
},
"status": "success"
}api number is store as uint32_t. In this case 65536 represents
major version 1 and minor version 0.
In JavaScript to get these numbers, one can do as follows:
var api_major = response.data.api >> 16;
var api_minor = response.data.api & 0xffff;Return raw json block data, as represented in Arqma.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/rawblock/1293257"Example result not shown.
Return raw json tx data, as represented in Arqma.
curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/rawtransaction/6093260dbe79fd6277694d14789dc8718f1bd54457df8bab338c2efa3bb0f03d"Example result not shown.
Constructive criticism, code and website edits are always good. They can be made through github.