GH-40566: [C++] Fix 3.12 Python support (#40322)

sysconfig is available since Python 3.2

Tested on nixpkgs and works as expected

### Rationale for this change

Support Python 3.12

### What changes are included in this PR?

### Are these changes tested?

Yes

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No

* GitHub Issue: #40566

Authored-by: Sandro <sandro.jaeckel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jacob Wujciak-Jens <jacob@wujciak.de>

cpp/cmake_modules/FindPython3Alt.cmake

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ get_target_property(NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS Python3::NumPy INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTOR
 # detect it ourselves.
 # (https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/cmake/issues/20408)
 execute_process(COMMAND "${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE}" "-c"
-                        "from distutils import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_config_var('EXT_SUFFIX'))"
+                        "import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_config_var('EXT_SUFFIX'))"
                 RESULT_VARIABLE _PYTHON_RESULT
                 OUTPUT_VARIABLE _PYTHON_STDOUT
                 ERROR_VARIABLE _PYTHON_STDERR)