RaspberryPI 4

Specification :

CPU : Broadcom BCM2711 4-Core Cortex-A72(ARM-v8) 64-bit 1.5 GHz
RAM : 4 GB LPDDR-3200 SDRAM
GPU : OpenGL ES 3.0 
WIFI : 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz 
Audio : BCM2835 ALSA
Bluetooth : version 5.0 with BLE
LAN : Gigabit port Ethernet
Streaming Codec(Decode & Encode) : H.265 (4K60p) & H.264 (FullHD60p decode , FullHD30p encode)
Power : 5V 3A via Type-C connector also GPIO header 

Setup WLAN and LAN port

We use WLAN as Access Point(2.4 GHz) with integrated LAN port for internet connection

first, we decided to denied interface Wireless port(WLAN0) by using nano to edit **dhcpcd.conf **

sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

then we add this line

denyinterfaces wlan0

next, we will set static IP for WLAN port

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

we add loopback and eth0(Ethernet port 0) to this file and also set static ip .

source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
    address 192.168.5.1
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    network 192.168.5.0
    broadcast 192.168.5.255

at this moment we will config the hostapd to broadcast SSID and WIFI for allow the connection then using this command.

sudo apt install hostapd
sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

next we will add the configuration into this.

interface=wlan0 # wlan0 คือ WIFI
# driver=nl80211 # obsolete 
ssid=Name of your wish # ชื่อที่อยากจะตั้ง
hw_mode=g # จะมี 2 โหมด คือ g สำหรับ 2.4 GHz และ a สำหรับ 5 GHz
channel=6 # ช่องสัญญาณจะมีทั้งหมด 1 ถึง 14 ช่อง
ieee80211n=1 # การรับรอง แบบ 802.11n
wmm_enabled=1 # เปิดการรับรอง QoS หรือ Quality of Service
ht_capab=[HT40][SHORT-GI-20][DSSS_CCK-40] #  HT capabilities
macaddr_acl=0 # การใช้ filter สำหรับ MAC address
auth_algs=1 # 1=wpa, 2=wep, 3=both
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2 # ใช้แค่ WPA เท่านั้น
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK # ใช้การป้องกันความปลอดภัยแบบ WPA-PSK
wpa_passphrase=Password # รหัสอะไรก็ไดเ
rsn_pairwise=CCMP # การจับคู่แบบ CCMP 

After we edit hostapd.conf then we will go to edit hostapd

sudo systemctl unmask hostapd
sudo systemctl enable hostapd
sudo nano /etc/default/hostapd

find DAEMON_CONF and replace with

DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

Next we will config dnsmasq. as I knew it dnsmasq help automatically assigned IP address for new devices connect to our network.

we must move old file of dnsmasq for backup if we config failure by using

sudo apt install dnsmasq
sudo mv /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.bak
sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf

then continue by do like this

interface=wlan0 
listen-address=192.168.5.1
bind-interfaces 
server=8.8.8.8
domain-needed
bogus-priv
dhcp-range=192.168.5.100,192.168.5.200,24h

after config we will reboot ther Raspberry Pi by

sudo reboot

Setup Packet Forwarding

we will config this for do the Raspberry Pi as Internet Hotspot, we can share internet from LAN(input) to WIFI(output)

we will config NAT (Network Address Translation) by

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

then find #net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 and remove # this out like this

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

then do this line by line

sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE  
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT

then we need to start NAT rules by applied for each start up by

sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat"

easy way is config in etc/rc.local by

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

add this iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat and make sure correct

_IP=$(hostname -I) || true
if [ "$_IP" ]; then
    printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP"
fi

iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat

exit 0

then we will reboot again for make sure we can use Raspberry Pi to surf the internet

Setup DLNA for streaming multimedia

after we config raspberry pi for connection, we will setup DLNA for streaming multimedia

first install miniDLNA

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install minidlna

after installed we will config DLNA for everyone

sudo nano /etc/minidlna.conf

then find #user=minidlna and remove # out

user=minidlna

then we will add directory path for streaming multimedia like Photo, Music and Video

media_dir=/var/lib/minidlna
media_dir=A,/home/pi/Music # A สำหรับ Audio หรือไฟล์เสียง
media_dir=P,/home/pi/Pictures # P สำหรับ Pictures หรือไฟล์รูปภาพ
media_dir=V,/home/pi/Videos # V สำหรับ Videos หรือ ไฟล์วีดีโอ

after we config completed it's has 2 way to start DLNA services

sudo update-rc.d minidlna defaults
# or
sudo service minidlna start

after launch make sure minidlna work by type this in web browser

localhost:8200
# or 
IP address that you assigned:8200

we can start DLNA 3 way

sudo /etc/init.d/minidlna start
sudo /etc/init.d/minidlna stop
sudo /etc/init.d/minidlna restart
# or 
sudo service minidlna force-reload

Setup Samba or SMB port for upload/download data

we must download and install samba first

sudo apt-get install samba samba-common-bin

then we will backup smb.conf for restore if config failure

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bk

then we will config smaba file

sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

we will set like this

[global]
netbios name = Pi # ชื่ออะไรก็ได้แหละ
server string = Raspberry Pi4 # ตรงนี้ตั้งไว้เหมือนอธิบายเกี่ยวกับตัวเซิร์ฟเวอร์
workgroup = WORKGROUP # ตรงนี้ไว้ใช้สำหรับ windows 
wins support = yes # Windows Internet Name Service ไม่ใช่ windows 

[HOMEPI] # ชื่อสำหรับไดรฟ์
comment=Pi shared folder # คอมเม้นท์อะไรก็ได้
path=/home/pi # ตั้งไว้ตรงไหนก็ได้ให้ user เห็นไฟล์
browseable=yes # อนุญาตให้เปลี่ยน path ได้
writeable=yes # อนุญาตให้บันทึกไฟล์หรือเขียนไฟล์ลงไดรฟ์ได้
only guest=no # อนุญาตสำหรับทุกคน
create mask=0777 # permission 0777 คือ -rwxrwxrwx

boot time analysis

systemd-analyze

systemd-analyze blame

if GUI freeze or glitch

sudo service lightdm restart