E-निर्वाचन

Introduction

• Nepal's current voting system is paper-based and has remained largely unchanged since 1959.
• The manual process of paper-based voting is time-consuming, prone to manipulation, and involves significant human labor.
• The lack of a digital voting system leaves room for rigging, vandalism of voting booths, alteration of vote counting, and manipulation during transportation.
• The use of traditional ballot paper-based voting is outdated, inefficient, and costly in terms of time, money, and manpower.
• The proposed digital voting system using biometrics aims to address these challenges by introducing a user-friendly and efficient method for elections, particularly in rural areas.

Problem Statement

• The traditional ballot paper-based voting system in Nepal is inefficient, timeconsuming, and prone to human errors.
• Voting booths can be compromised through bribery or other means, compromising the integrity of the election.
• Transportation and counting of votes can be tampered with, leading to potential manipulation of the election results.

Objectives

• To develop a voting system with two factor authentication using biometrics recognition.
• To develop a server system which will efficiently integrate all the components and have functionality of voter and candidate registration.

Methodology

1. System Block Diagram

2. Fingerprint recognition pipeline

   • Fingerprint Enrollment
   • Fingerprint Matching
   • Face recognition pipeline

3. Voting Process

   • After user is verified they will cast votes in the voting machine.
   • For this project votes will be entered through buttons available in the system.
   • The voting count will be update for different candidates.
   • Flags will be update in voter’s database to check whether they have voted for particular candidate or not.

   

• Django Server Backbone: Controls data flow, ensures integrity, and implements security measures.
• Django REST Framework: Enables seamless front-end and back-end communication via RESTful APIs.
• Token-Based Authentication: Uses JWT for secure user authentication and access control.
• JSON Data Formatting: Organizes biometric data efficiently and ensures compatibility across platforms.
• Security Measures: Implements CORS to control backend resource access and mitigate security risks.
• Session and Token Management: Manages user sessions and token expiration for secure access.
• Efficient Data Exchange: Utilizes JSON for fast and secure communication between server and client.
• Reliability and Scalability: Integrates Django tools for reliable and scalable system operation.

Epilogue

Output:

• The project delivers a digital voting system with two-factor authentication (facial and fingerprint *ecognition).
• Users register biometric data, while the admin registers candidates.
• During voting, users authenticate via biometrics before casting their votes.
• Admin can publish overall vote count for each candidate.

Discussion:

• Originally planned as a fully equipped voting box, budget constraints led to software-focused adjustments.
• Components like ESP32 Camera were replaced with laptop webcams, and physical buttons with a web application interface.
• Despite last-minute changes, core functionality remained intact, achieving project goals.

Future Enhancements:

• The system allows for future enhancements, including full conversion to a software-based voting system accessible from any device.
• Integration of blockchain technology can enhance security and credibility.
• Dual-factor authentication can be adjusted based on availability, offering flexibility in authentication methods.
• Options for physical voting box implementation cater to rural areas with limited internet access.

Conclusion:

• The implemented digital voting system advances voting security through two-factor authentication.
• It aims to democratize voting by considering remote voting options and enhancing accessibility.
• Despite initial challenges, the system achieves its core objectives and presents opportunities for further improvement and modernization in Nepal's electoral procedures.

Appendix