Impact-Events-Dataset

Full name - Dataset: Impact Events for Structural Health Monitoring of a Plastic Thin Plate

Status

• Due to current git lfs limits, the dataset is also available and can be accessed from Zenodo.

• Publications

  • The Impact Events data contained in this repository has been successfully accepted for publication as a dataset paper in the Fifth International Workshop on Data: Acquisition To Analysis (DATA '22).

  • In addition, the data are used in the paper "Smart Objects: Impact localization powered by TinyML" that is accepted for publication in the 4th International Workshop on Challenges in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Internet of Things (AIChallengeIoT 2022).

  • Both workshops are held in conjuction with the 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems SenSys 2022

  • A preprint arxiv for the dataset paper has been announced (here).

Dataset outline

This repository contains a novel time-series dataset for impact detection and localization on a plastic thin-plate, towards Structural Health Monitoring applications, using ceramic piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) connected to an Internet of Things (IoT) device. The dataset was collected from an experimental procedure of low-velocity, low-energy impact events that includes at least 3 repetitions for each unique experiment, while the input measurements come from 4 PZT sensors placed at the corners of the plate. For each repetition and sensor, 5000 values are stored with 100 KHz sampling rate. The system is excited with a steel ball, and the height from which it is released varies from 10 cm to 20 cm.

Why - Motivation and Contribution

To the best of our knowledge, we are the first, to publish a public dataset that contains PZT sensors measurements concerning low-velocity, low-energy impact events in a thin plastic plate. In addition, we also contribute with our methodology on data collection using an SHM IoT system with resource constraints (based on Arduino NANO 33 MCU), as opposed to the majority of the literature that uses Oscilloscopes for data acquisition. This concept of an MCU-based system for data collection in SHM is especially important nowadays, due to the fast rise of extreme-edge and embedded machine learning practices solutions that enable a variety of real-time data-driven SHM applications. Finally, we wish to highlight that by using this specific Microcontroller Unit (MCU) and sensors, the proposed implementation aims for an overall low-cost data collection solution.

Dataset file structure

The directory of the Impact Events dataset is organized as follows:

• DoE_Data folder contains one folder for each different height of the impact ball fall (ranging from 10.0 to 20.0 cm with an interval of 0.5 cm).

  • Then each of those folders contains one .csv file per experiment, based on the generated Sobol sequences (sobol_[Height]_[Sobol_ID].csv).

• The merged_dataset.csv file contains the unified dataset from all the sensor measurements across all the experiments

• Feature_extraction folder contains the features.json file that includes the index of the statistical features to be extracted (see the following section) and feature_augmented_dataset.csv that contains the extracted features (as columns) and the rest of impact information (x,y, height, position) per experiment (rows).

Feature extraction list

The complete list of extracted features is the following:

Feature	Description
Energy	Energy of the time series
Absolute Maximum	Highest absolute value
Absolute Sum of Changes	Sum of absolute values of consecutive changes
C3	Measurement of nonlinearity
Count Above Mean	Number of values greater than the mean
Count Below Mean	Number of values lesser than the mean
Energy Ratio by Chunks	Ratio of the $i$-th chunk's energy over the energy of N chunks
First Location of Maximum	Index of the maximum value's first appearance relative to the length of the time series
First Location of Maximum	Index of the minimum value's first appearance relative to the length of the time series
Kurtosis	Signal's tails measurement relative to normal distribution
Large Standard Deviation	Check if the Standard Deviation is $r$ times greater than $max - min$
Longest Strike Above Mean	Number of consecutive values above mean
Longest Strike Below Mean	Number of consecutive values below mean
Maximum	Highest Value
Mean	Mean of the time series
Mean of Absolute Change	Mean value of absolute change
Mean Change	Average of differences of subsequent values
Median	Median of the time series
Minimum	Lowest Value
Skewness	Calculates the lack of symmetry
Standard Deviation	Measurement of time series's dispersion relative to the mean
Symmetry Looking	Checks the symmetry of the time series
Variance	Variability of the time series
Variance Larger than Standard Deviation	Checks if the variance is greater than standard deviation
Quantile	Calculates the q quantile of x
Ratio beyond r_sigma	Ratio of values that are more than r * std(x) (so r times sigma) away from the mean of x
Sum of reoccuring data points	Returns the sum of all data points, that are present in the time series more than once
Sum of reoccuring values	Returns the sum of all values, that are present in the time series more than once
Ratio to time series length	Returns a factor which is 1 if all values in the time series occur only once, and below one if this is not the case
Percentage of reoccuring datapoints	Returns the percentage of non-unique data points
Percentage of reoccuring values	Returns the percentage of values that are present in the time series more than once
Benford correlation	Returns the correlation from first digit distribution when compared to the Newcomb-Benford’s Law distribution

How to cite

If you use the Impact Events dataset in your work, please make the corresponding citation.

Research papers concerning the dataset (recommended):

• Conference paper: @inproceedings{dataset_sensys, title={Dataset: Impact events for Structural Health Monitoring of a thin plate}, author = {Katsidimas, Ioannis and Kotzakolios, Thanasis and Nikoletseas, Sotiris and Panagiotou, Stefanos H. and Timpilis, Konstantinos and Tsakonas, Constantinos}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems}, year={2022}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3560905.3567764} }

• Arxiv preprint: @misc{https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2209.10018, doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2209.10018}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.10018}, author = {Katsidimas, Ioannis and Kotzakolios, Thanasis and Nikoletseas, Sotiris and Panagiotou, Stefanos H. and Timpilis, Konstantinos and Tsakonas, Constantinos}, keywords = {Machine Learning (cs.LG), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences}, title = {Dataset: Impact Events for Structural Health Monitoring of a Plastic Thin Plate}, publisher = {arXiv}, year = {2022}, copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International}}

Github repository citation:

• APA: Katsidimas, I., Kotzakolios, T., Nikoletseas, S., Panagiotou, S. H., Timpilis, K., & Tsakonas, C. Impact Events for Structural Health Monitoring of a Plastic Thin Plate [Data set]

• BibTeX: @misc{Katsidimas_Impact_Events_for, author = {Katsidimas, Ioannis and Kotzakolios, Thanasis and Nikoletseas, Sotiris and Panagiotou, Stefanos H. and Timpilis, Konstantinos and Tsakonas, Constantinos}, title = {{Impact Events for Structural Health Monitoring of a Plastic Thin Plate}}}

License

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC-BY-NC-SA):

A creative commons license that bans commercial use and requires you to release any modified works under this license.

Authors

• Ioannis Katsidimas
• Thanasis Kotzakolios
• Sotiris Nikoletseas
• Stefanos H. Panagiotou
• Konstantinos Timpilis
• Constantinos Tsakonas