Corticosteroids, often referred to simply as steroids, are a class of synthetic drugs that mimic the natural corticosteroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands. These medications are commonly prescribed for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Examples: prednisone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone.
Corticosteroids can have side effects such as weight gain, increased blood pressure, bone thinning (osteoporosis), increased susceptibility to infections, and mood changes.
Two main types:
-
Glucocorticoids: These have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
-
Mineralocorticoids: These regulate electrolyte and fluid balance in the body.
Treatable conditions:
-
Inflammatory Disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease.
-
Allergic Reactions: Acute allergic reactions and chronic conditions such as asthma and allergic rhinitis.
-
Autoimmune Diseases: Diseases where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, such as multiple sclerosis.
-
Respiratory Conditions: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
-
Skin Conditions: Topical corticosteroids are applied to the skin to treat conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and contact dermatitis.
-
Organ Transplants: Corticosteroid immunosuppressive regimens help prevent transplant organ rejection.