SOCBED

SOCBED is a self-contained open-source cyberattack experimentation testbed that simulates a small company's network including benign user behavior, various cyber attacks, and a central collection of log data.

Motivation

Use cases of SOCBED include research and training in the following areas: security incident response, digital forensics, log management, intrusion detection, and awareness. The testbed can also be used to generate realistic log/traffic datasets for product or method evaluations.

System Requirements

• RAM: 16 GB minimum, 32 GB recommended
• CPU: Dual-core with hardware support for virtualization
• HDD: 50 GB free, SSD is mandatory

More resources are required depending on the desired number of simulated clients. The numbers above are valid for small simulations with 1-10 clients.

Installation

Installation instructions for SOCBED on a fresh Ubuntu 20.04.2.0 LTS system:

# Install VirtualBox and configure the management network interface
sudo apt install virtualbox virtualbox-ext-pack
vboxmanage hostonlyif create # should create vboxnet0, else adapt following lines
vboxmanage hostonlyif ipconfig vboxnet0 --ip 192.168.56.1 --netmask 255.255.255.0
vboxmanage dhcpserver modify --ifname vboxnet0 --disable

# Install packer v1.6.3
export VER="1.6.3"
sudo wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/packer/${VER}/packer_${VER}_linux_amd64.zip
sudo unzip packer_${VER}_linux_amd64.zip -d /usr/local/bin

# Install requirements for the python package "cryptography",
# see https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation/
sudo apt install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python3-dev

# Optional: Install packages for 1337 "message of the day" banner in the attackconsole
sudo apt install cowsay fortunes

# Create and activate a Python Virtual Environment
sudo apt install virtualenv
virtualenv -p python3 ~/.virtualenvs/socbed
source ~/.virtualenvs/socbed/bin/activate

# Download and install SOCBED in the virtual environment
git clone https://github.com/ru37z/socbed-acsac-2021.git
cd socbed-acsac-2021/
pip install -r requirements.txt
pip install --editable .

Next, build all SOCBED virtual machines via ansible and packer while within the virtual environment. Before doing so, you must:

• place a Windows 10 Pro .iso file in the provisioning/packer/ directory (Windows version used for testing: Microsoft Windows 10 Pro 10.0.19041 Build 19041):

  mv /path/to/your/Windows.iso ./provisioning/packer/Win10.iso

• change permissions with:

  sudo chmod 744 ./provisioning/packer/Win10.iso

• calculate the md5 checksum:

  md5sum ./provisioning/packer/Win10.iso

• update the checksum value in provisioning/packer/client.json with the newly calculated value

The script below will execute everything required to build and configure each respective machine, including snapshotting. It will download the necessary ISO files, automatically boot the OS and provision the necessary versions of software dependencies with no human interaction needed. Be aware that this will take multiple (3-5) hours to complete, depending on your hardware and internet speed.

# Current directory must be root directory of the SOCBED repository
./tools/build_vms

In case of an error, simply restart the script, it will recognize previously built machines and continue where it left off. Keep in mind that the order in which the machines are built is not arbitrary, and deleting and rebuilding e.g. the Log Server after all machines have been built will result in loss of critical functionality.

After these steps, you can run the commands attackconsole, generateattackchains, and vmconsole within the virtual environment and work with the framework (see example below). When finished, you can leave the virtual environment with the command

deactivate

Testing

Install tox and pytest in your virtual environment if you haven't done it yet:

source ~/.virtualenvs/socbed/bin/activate # Activate virtual environment
pip install -r requirements.txt

Run all unit tests from the repository root directory:

tox -- -m "not systest"

If they succeed, run the essential system tests:

tox -- -m "systest and not longtest"

Attention: System tests will start and stop the virtual machines several times and can take a while to complete!

Example

This example shows how to run some attacks when the framework was installed as described above.

# Activate virtual environment
source ~/.virtualenvs/socbed/bin/activate

# Start the virtual machines
vmconsole -c start_session

# Start the attackconsole and run some commands
attackconsole
attackconsole > help
attackconsole > ls
attackconsole > use infect_email_exe
attackconsole (infect_email_exe) > options
attackconsole (infect_email_exe) > set addr client2@localdomain
attackconsole (infect_email_exe) > run
attackconsole (infect_email_exe) > back
attackconsole > use c2_change_wallpaper
attackconsole (c2_change_wallpaper) > run
attackconsole (c2_change_wallpaper) > back
attackconsole > exit

# Close and restore the virtual machines
vmconsole -c close_session

# Deactivate virtual environment
deactivate

Cleaning up failed sessions

In case sessions crash for some reason, you might end up with several Client clones and several automatically generated snapshots named Backup*. To clean up the mess, run the script tools/cleanup_failed_session to reset all SOCBED machines to their original state and remove all superfluous clones and snapshots.

Login information

For all Linux machines, the Linux username is either root (Internet Router, Company Router, Attacker) or breach (Log/Internal/DMZ Server) and the password is breach. SSH access is allowed via all network interfaces. Attention: The SSH Server on the Company Router and the Internet Router is running on the non-standard port 222!

The Samba domain controller running on the Internal Server has 101 user accounts: The domain administrator with username administrator and password breach and 100 user accounts named client1 through client100, all with password breach. The domain name is BREACH.

There is also a local administrator account on the Client with username breach. During automated simulations, this account is not used, but it's handy for installation, testing, and demonstration purposes. By default, the Client logs in automatically as user setup in order to change its IP address and computer name, and then join the domain (that's why every client restarts twice). To avoid this, you need to press and hold the Shift key when Windows starts up.

There is also an SSH server running on the Client (only accessible via the management network). Login via SSH is only possible with username breach and password breach.

The following table shows all available web interfaces and their logins:

Machine	Service	Username	Password	URL
Company Router	IPFire	admin	breach	https://192.168.56.10:444/
DMZ Server	phpMyAdmin	root	breach	http://192.168.56.20/phpmyadmin/
Log Server	Kibana	-	-	http://192.168.56.12:5601/app/kibana
Internet Router	IPFire	admin	breach	https://192.168.56.30:444/

Documentation

Further documentation, including a network plan of the virtual machines, can be found in the docs directory.

Contributors

SOCBED was created by Fraunhofer FKIE's department of Cyber Analysis & Defense (CA&D) as part of the BMBF-funded project PA-SIEM. For more information, please contact Rafael Uetz (firstname.lastname@fkie.fraunhofer.de).

License

The files in this repository are licensed under the GNU General Public License Version 3 - see the file COPYING for details.