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Git & GitHub for Beginners

Welcome to Git & GitHub for Beginners! This guide is designed to help you get started with Git & GitHub. It will help you to understand the basics of Git & GitHub and to get you started with using Git & GitHub.

Table of Contents

What is this?

  • A guide to Git & GitHub for beginners
  • A collection of resources to help you learn Git & GitHub
  • A place to ask questions and get help

Why?

  • I've been using Git & GitHub for a few years now and I've found it to be a really useful tool.- I've used it to collaborate with others on projects, to keep track of changes to my code, and to revert to previous versions of my code when I've made a mistake
  • I've also found that there are a lot of resources out there that are either too basic or too advanced
  • I wanted to create a guide that would help people who are new to Git & GitHub to get started and to help them to understand the basics of Git & GitHub

Who is this for?

  • Those who are yet to land their first job in tech
  • Those who have recently landed their first job in tech
  • Those who are looking to improve their skills
  • Those who are looking to learn a new skill
  • Those who are looking to get a better understanding of Git & GitHub

Notes

  • There are different Git workflows - Trunk, GitFlow, GitHubFlow
  • This guide is based on the GitHubFlow workflow

Assumptions

Terms

  • Branch - A version of the codebase
  • Commit - A unit of change
  • Stage
  • Merge - Combining two branches
  • Pull Request - A request to merge a branch into another branch
  • Fork - A copy of a repository
  • Clone - A copy of a repository on your local machine
  • Remote - A copy of a repository on a remote server
  • Origin - The default remote name given to a repository when it is cloned
  • Upstream - The original repository that was cloned
  • Master - The default branch name given to a repository when it is created
  • Repository - A directory that contains all of the files for a project
  • Working Directory - The directory that contains the files that you are working on
  • Staging Area - The directory that contains the files that are ready to be committed
  • Index - The directory that contains the files that are ready to be committed
  • HEAD - The current branch that you are working on
  • Checkout - Switching between branches
  • Push - Sending your commits to a remote repository
  • Pull - Fetching and merging changes on a remote repository to your local repository
  • Fetch - Fetching changes on a remote repository to your local repository

What is GitHub?

Github

  • GitHub is a code hosting platform for version control and collaboration
  • It lets you and others work together on projects from anywhere
  • This tutorial teaches you GitHub essentials like repositories, branches, commits, and Pull Requests
  • You’ll create your own Hello World repository and learn GitHub’s Pull Request workflow, a popular way to create and review code
  • You’ll also learn about issues, GitHub’s powerful tracking tools for every bug and feature request that comes your way

What is GitHub used for?

  • GitHub is a code hosting platform for version control and collaboration
  • It lets you and others work together on projects from anywhere
  • You can use GitHub to store and share your code, track and assign issues, and manage pull requests
  • You can also use GitHub to create your own website using GitHub Pages
  • GitHub is a great way to collaborate with others on projects

What is Git?

Git

  • Git is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency

  • Git is easy to learn and has a tiny footprint with lightning fast performance

  • It outclasses SCM tools like Subversion, CVS, Perforce, and ClearCase with features like cheap local branching, convenient staging areas, and multiple workflows

  • Git was initially designed and developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development

  • Git is a version control system

  • Allows you to track changes to your code over time

  • Enables you to collaborate with others on the same codebase

  • You can easily revert to a previous version of your code or experiment with new features without affecting the main codebase

  • Provides a record of all changes made to your code, including who made them and when, which can be useful for auditing and debugging

Common tasks you need to do with Git

  • Create a repository
  • Create a branch
  • Make changes to a file
  • Stage changes
  • Commit changes
  • Push changes to a remote repository
  • Merge changes
  • Revert changes
  • Delete a branch

How to install Git

How to configure Git

  • git config --global user.name "Your Name" - Set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history
# Set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history

$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"
  • `git config --global user.email "

  • Set an email address that will be associated with each history marker

# Set an email address that will be associated with each history marker

$ git config --global user.email "
  • git config --global color.ui auto - Set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing
# Set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing

$ git config --global color.ui auto
  • git config --global core.editor "code --wait" - Set the default editor for Git
# Set the default editor for Git

$ git config --global core.editor "code --wait"
  • git config --global init.defaultBranch main - Set the default branch name to main
# Set the default branch name to main

$ git config --global init.defaultBranch main

Git commands

  • git init - Create a new local repository
# Create a new directory called my-project

$ git init my-project
  • git status - Show the status of the current branch
#  Check the status of the current branch

$ git status  # On branch master
  • git clone - Clone a repository that already exists on GitHub to your local machine
#Clone a repository that already exists on GitHub to your local machine


$ git clone  project-name # Cloning into `project-name`...

# make sure to copy the URL from the repository you want to clone
  • git add - Add files to the staging area
# Add files to the staging area


$ git add . # Changes to be committed:
# when you add the dot, it adds all the files in the current directory

$ git add file-name # Changes to be committed:

# when you add the file name, it adds the file with the name you specified

  • git commit - Commit changes to head (but not yet to the remote repository)
# Commit changes to head (but not yet to the remote repository)


$ git commit -m "Commit message" # [master (root-commit) 1a2b3c4] Commit message

  • git push - Push changes to remote repository (eg. GitHub)
# Push changes to remote repository (eg. GitHub)

$ git push origin master # Pushing to
  • git pull - Fetch and merge changes on the remote server to your working directory
# Fetch and merge changes on the remote server to your working directory


$ git pull origin master # Updating 1a2b3c4..3d4e5f6
# Fast-forward
#  README | 1 +
#  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
#  create mode 100644 README
  • git fetch - Fetch changes on the remote server to your working directory
# Fetch changes on the remote server to your working directory


$ git fetch origin master # remote: Counting objects: 5, done.
  • git merge - Merge a branch into the branch you are currently on
# Merge a branch into the branch you are currently on

$ git merge branch-name # Updating 1a2b3c4..3d4e5f6



- `git branch` - List, create, or delete branches

```bash

# List, create, or delete branches


$ git branch # * master
#  test

$ git branch branch-name # * master
#  branch-name
#  test

$ git branch -d branch-name # Deleted branch branch-name (was 1a2b3c4).
  • git checkout - Switch branches or restore working tree files
# Switch branches or restore working tree files


$ git checkout branch-name # Switched to branch 'branch-name'

$ git checkout -b branch-name # Switched to a new branch 'branch-name'
  • git remote - Manage set of tracked repositories
# Manage set of tracked repositories
$ git remote -v # origin

  • git log - Show commit logs
# Show commit logs
$ git log # commit 1a2b3c4
  • git diff - Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
   # Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc

   $ git diff # diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
  • git reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
# Reset current HEAD to the specified state


$ git reset --hard HEAD # HEAD is now at 1a2b3c4
  • git rm - Remove files from the working tree and from the index
# Remove files from the working tree and from the index


$ git rm file-name # rm 'file-name'
  • git mv - Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
# Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink


$ git mv file-from file-to # rename file1 => file2
  • git stash - Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away
# Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away


$ git stash # Saved working directory and index state WIP on master: 1a2b3c4
  • git tag - Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
# Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG


$ git tag # v1.0.0

The Git workflow

  • Create a repository
  • Create a branch
  • Make changes to a file
  • Stage changes
  • Commit changes
  • Push changes to a remote repository
  • Merge changes
  • Revert changes
  • Delete a branch

How to create a repository

  • git init - Create a new local repository
# Create a new directory called my-project

$ git init my-project
  • git clone - Clone a repository that already exists on GitHub to your local machine
# Clone a repository that already exists on GitHub to your local machine

$ git clone project-name # Cloning into `project-name`...


# make sure to copy the URL from the repository you want to clone

How to make changes to a file

  • git status - Show the status of the current branch
# Check the status of the current branch

$ git status # On branch master
  • git add - Add files to the staging area
# Add files to the staging area

$ git add . # Changes to be committed:

# when you add the dot, it adds all the files in the current directory

$ git add file-name # Changes to be committed:
  • git commit - Commit changes to the current branch
# Commit changes to the current branch

$ git commit -m "Commit message" # [master (root-commit) 1a2b3c4] Commit message
  • git diff - Show file differences that haven’t been staged
# Show file differences that haven’t been staged

$ git diff # diff --git a/README.md b/README.md

How to push changes to a remote repository

  • git push - Push changes to a remote repository
# Push changes to a remote repository


$ git push origin master # Enumerating objects: 3, done.
# Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
# Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 226 bytes | 226.00 KiB/s, done.
# Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
# To
    

How to merge changes

  • git merge - Merge changes from one branch to another
# Merge changes from one branch to another


$ git merge branch-name # Updating 1a2b3c4..4d5e6f7

How to revert changes

  • git revert - Revert changes to a file
# Revert changes to a file


$ git revert file-name # Revert "Revert "Update README.md""

How to delete a branch

  • git branch -d - Delete a branch
# Delete a branch


$ git branch -d branch-name # Deleted branch branch-name (was 1a2b3c4).

How to create a branch

  • git branch - Create a new branch
# Create a new branch


$ git branch branch-name # Switched to a new branch 'branch-name'

How to view the history of a repository

  • git log - View the history of a repository
# View the history of a repository


$ git log # commit 1a2b3c4 (HEAD -> master)

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