Charlotte LIOTTA, Vincent VIGUIE, Felix CREUTZIG. Nat Sustain (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01138-0
This code allows to calibrate a model derived from the standard urban model of urban economics on 120 cities worldwide, and to simulate the impact of 4 transport emissions mitigation policies as well as of policy portfolios on these cities.
main.py allows for model calibration and policies simulations, and main_policy_portfolios.py allows for model calibration and policy portfolios simulations.
robustness/main_congestion.py, robustness/main_policy_portfolios_congestion.py and main_policy_portfolios_robustness.py allow for robustness checks.
results_analysis/welfare_increasing_portfolio.py allows to reproduce tables S13 and S15.
results_analysis/results_analysis.py allows to reproduce tables S1, S2, S3, S4, S7, S8, S9, S10, S11, S12 and figures S6, S10.
results_analysis/rcharts.R allows to reproduce figures 1, 2, 3, S11, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16, S17, S18, S19, S20, S21, S22, S23, S24, S25, S26, S27, S28, S29, S30, S31, S32, S33.
The main dataset used for the calibration of the model is available here: https://zenodo.org/record/7086267. It is also fully described in the following data paper: Lepetit, Q., Viguié, V., Liotta, C. A gridded dataset on densities, real estate prices, transport, and land use inside 192 worldwide urban areas. Data in Brief 47, 108962 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.108962
Complementary data are needed to run the simulations:
- World bank data on gasoline prices (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EP.PMP.SGAS.CD, accessed in April 2023)
- Data on average car fuel consumption per country from the International Energy Agency 2019 report Fuel Economy in Major Car Markets (https://www.iea.org/reports/fuel-economy-in-major-car-markets, accessed in April 2023).
- Data on the monetary cost of public transport from:
- Numbeo (https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/country_price_rankings?itemId=18, accessed in April 2023)
- kiwi.fr (https://www.kiwi.com/stories/cheapest-and-most-expensive-public-transport-revealed, accessed in April 2023)
- Wordatlas (https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/cost-of-public-transportation-around-the-world.html, accessed in April 2023).
- Data on income:
- OECD GDP per capita at the city scale data (https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=CITIES, accessed in April 2023)
- Brookings GDP per capita at the city scale data (Redefining Global Cities 2016 report from the Brookings Institution, https://www.brookings.edu/research/redefining-global-cities)
- World Bank GDP per capita at the country scale data (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD, accessed in April 2023).
- Agricultural GDP and agricultural areas by country data from the FAO (https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home, accessed in April 2023).
- Population growth scenarios from the World Urbanization Prospects – the 2018 Revision of the United Nations (https://population.un.org/wup/Download, accessed in April 2023).
- Marginal costs of air pollution, noise and car accidents from the report External costs of transport in Europe, van Essen et al., 2019. https://trid.trb.org/view/1646234, accessed in April 2019.
Complementary datasets are needed for calibrations’ validation:
- Modal shares data from the following datasets:
- EPOMM (https://epomm.eu, accessed in April 2023)
- CDP (https://data.cdp.net, accessed in April 2023)
- Deloitte (report The 2019 Deloitte City Mobility Index, Dixon et al., 2019. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/br/Documents/consumer-business/City-Mobility-Index-2019.pdf, accessed in April 2023)
- Emissions datasets from the following papers:
- Moran, D. et al. Carbon footprints of 13 000 cities. Environ. Res. Lett. 13, 064041 (2018). DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aac72a.
- Nangini, C. et al. A global dataset of CO 2 emissions and ancillary data related to emissions for 343 cities. Scientific Data 6, 180280 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.280
- Kona, A. et al. Global Covenant of Mayors, a dataset of GHG emissions for 6,200 cities in Europe and the Southern Mediterranean. Earth System Science Data Discussions 1–17 (2021) doi:10.5194/essd-2021-67.