Refactor BDPatcher

[deadshumz]

Refactor BDPatcher: Streamline error handling, optimize patch filtering, and improve code readability with modern JavaScript syntax

[rauenzi]

Aside from subjective readability, is there any benefit to this?

[deadshumz]

Aside from subjective readability, is there any benefit to this?

Added logError function to simplify error logging.
Added applyPatch function to handle callback calls and reduce code duplication.
One pass is used to separate patch.children into categories, which reduces the total number of iterations.
Using switch functions to shorten and simplify the code.