utils.pwsh: Add support for curl resume

[RytoEX]

Description

Note that there is a bug in curl that can prevent curl from successfully interpreting a fully downloaded file as completed. The bug was fixed on October 30, 2023 and is not yet available on curl included with Windows.

Fixed in curl 8.5.0.
curl/curl@225db91

Motivation and Context

I noticed that we have the Resume parameter, but that it wasn't implemented. I wanted to implement it to have a way to skip re-downloading a file that was already downloaded. SkipDeps skips build dependencies. SkipUnpack skips git checkouts and archive extraction but not downloads.

Alternatively, we could add something like SkipDownload and implement that, and remove the Resume parameter.

It may be important to note that due to us invoking MSYS2, the copy of curl from there can take precedence in PATH. From my recent tests, MSYS2 curl (8.1.1 on my machine) is older than the one shipped with Windows, so this may not work unless we attempt to fix the curl executable's path to the Windows copy (which should always be at C:\Windows\System32\curl.exe) or locate it and save its path before invoking MSYS2 (with where.exe curl.exe).

How Has This Been Tested?

Tested locally with curl 8.4.0 (what is currently shipped on Windows) to ensure that the code did not currently run.

Types of changes

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)

Checklist:

• My code has been run through clang-format.
• I have read the contributing document.
• My code is not on the master branch.
• The code has been tested.
• All commit messages are properly formatted and commits squashed where appropriate.
• I have included updates to all appropriate documentation.