micro-optimizations in ProtocolWriter

[caleblloyd]

Resolves #319

New MicroBenchmark shows benefit in writing UInt 16/32/64. Maybe because I am on a newer CPU on this box? 🤷‍♂️ Looks like it is worth changing though

BenchmarkDotNet v0.13.12, Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)
AMD Ryzen 5 3600, 1 CPU, 12 logical and 6 physical cores
.NET SDK 8.0.101
  [Host]   : .NET 8.0.1 (8.0.123.58001), X64 RyuJIT AVX2
  ShortRun : .NET 8.0.1 (8.0.123.58001), X64 RyuJIT AVX2

Job=ShortRun  IterationCount=3  LaunchCount=1  
WarmupCount=3  

Method	Iter	Size	Mean	Error	StdDev	Allocated
PubCopy	1000000	2	368.9 μs	109.60 μs	6.01 μs	-
PubSetIndex	1000000	2	485.2 μs	59.42 μs	3.26 μs	-
PubBinaryConst	1000000	2	245.7 μs	18.84 μs	1.03 μs	-
PubBinaryReadonly	1000000	2	242.5 μs	56.04 μs	3.07 μs	-
PubCopy	1000000	4	483.8 μs	72.14 μs	3.95 μs	-
PubSetIndex	1000000	4	969.0 μs	42.56 μs	2.33 μs	1 B
PubBinaryConst	1000000	4	247.9 μs	94.50 μs	5.18 μs	-
PubBinaryReadonly	1000000	4	244.6 μs	19.72 μs	1.08 μs	-
PubCopy	1000000	8	495.1 μs	107.94 μs	5.92 μs	-
PubSetIndex	1000000	8	1,916.3 μs	7.41 μs	0.41 μs	1 B
PubBinaryConst	1000000	8	366.2 μs	87.33 μs	4.79 μs	-
PubBinaryReadonly	1000000	8	368.6 μs	128.24 μs	7.03 μs	-

Also added Throw Helper to Protocol Writer as suggested in #320

[mtmk]

LGTM