Support extraction of large files

The behaviour of `syswrite` depends on the platform and seems to be
different when getting closer to writing about 2 GiB or more at once.
On Linux, it will write at most (2**31 - 4096) bytes [1,2] and not
return an error when more data was passed in but just return the
amount of data that was actually written - so the original
implementation was producing incomplete/corrupt files during
extraction when they were larger than (2**31 - 4096) bytes. On macOS,
the limit appears to be (2**31 - 1) bytes, otherwise, an error is
returned.

So in order to correctly extract files close to or larger than 2 GiB,
it's necessary to write less than about 2 GiB at once and redo write
operations until all data actually has been written.

[1] https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/write.2.html#NOTES
[2] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70368651/why-cant-linux-write-more-than-2147479552-bytes

lib/Archive/Tar.pm

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use strict;
 use vars qw[$DEBUG $error $VERSION $WARN $FOLLOW_SYMLINK $CHOWN $CHMOD
             $DO_NOT_USE_PREFIX $HAS_PERLIO $HAS_IO_STRING $SAME_PERMISSIONS
             $INSECURE_EXTRACT_MODE $ZERO_PAD_NUMBERS @ISA @EXPORT $RESOLVE_SYMLINK
+            $EXTRACT_BLOCK_SIZE
          ];
 
 @ISA                    = qw[Exporter];
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ $DO_NOT_USE_PREFIX      = 0;
 $INSECURE_EXTRACT_MODE  = 0;
 $ZERO_PAD_NUMBERS       = 0;
 $RESOLVE_SYMLINK        = $ENV{'PERL5_AT_RESOLVE_SYMLINK'} || 'speed';
+$EXTRACT_BLOCK_SIZE     = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
 
 BEGIN {
     use Config;
@@ -894,10 +896,18 @@ sub _extract_file {
 
         if( $entry->size ) {
             binmode $fh;
-            syswrite $fh, $entry->data or (
-                $self->_error( qq[Could not write data to '$full'] ),
-                return
-            );
+            my $offset = 0;
+            my $content = $entry->get_content_by_ref();
+            while ($offset < $entry->size) {
+                my $written
+                    = syswrite $fh, $$content, $EXTRACT_BLOCK_SIZE, $offset;
+                if (defined $written) {
+                    $offset += $written;
+                } else {
+                    $self->_error( qq[Could not write data to '$full': $!] );
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         close $fh or (
@@ -2163,6 +2173,14 @@ numbers. Added for compatibility with C<busybox> implementations.
 
 		It won't work for terminal, pipe or sockets or every non seekable source.
 
+=head $Archive::Tar::EXTRACT_BLOCK_SIZE
+
+This variable holds an integer with the block size that should be used when
+writing files during extraction. It defaults to 1 GiB. Please note that this
+cannot be arbitrarily large since some operating systems limit the number of
+bytes that can be written in one call to C<write(2)>, so if this is too large,
+extraction may fail with an error.
+
 =cut
 
 =head1 FAQ

t/02_methods.t

@@ -570,6 +570,34 @@ SKIP: {                             ### pesky warnings
 }
 
 
+### extract tests with different $EXTRACT_BLOCK_SIZE values ###
+SKIP: {                             ### pesky warnings
+    skip $ebcdic_skip_msg, 517 if ord "A" != 65;
+
+    skip('no IO::String', 517) if   !$Archive::Tar::HAS_PERLIO &&
+                                    !$Archive::Tar::HAS_PERLIO &&
+                                    !$Archive::Tar::HAS_IO_STRING &&
+                                    !$Archive::Tar::HAS_IO_STRING;
+
+    my $tar = $Class->new;
+    ok( $tar->read( $TAR_FILE ),    "Read in '$TAR_FILE'" );
+
+    for my $aref (  [$tar,    \@EXPECT_NORMAL],
+                    [$TARBIN, \@EXPECTBIN],
+                    [$TARX,   \@EXPECTX]
+    ) {
+        my($obj, $struct) = @$aref;
+
+        for my $block_size ((1, BLOCK, 1024 * 1024, 2**31 - 4096, 2**31, 2**32)) {
+            local $Archive::Tar::EXTRACT_BLOCK_SIZE = $block_size;
+
+            ok( $obj->extract,  "   Extracted with 'extract'" );
+            check_tar_extract( $obj, $struct );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
 ### clear tests ###
 SKIP: {                             ### pesky warnings
     skip $ebcdic_skip_msg, 3 if ord "A" != 65;