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38 changes: 20 additions & 18 deletions content/posts/nim/1/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ title: Nim
author: Dennis Felsing
subheading: Active Nim contributor and Master's candidate at KIT
tags: ["nim"]
summary: <a href='http://felsin9.de/nnis/'>Dennis</a> is an active contributor to the <a href='http://nim-lang.org'>Nim</a> language while working on his Master's thesis at KIT. There he worked on research developing a new method for <a href='http://felsin9.de/nnis/teaching-research/#automating-regression-verification'>Regression Verification</a> and teaching programming paradigms (Haskell, lambda calculus, type inference, Prolog, Scala, etc.). He also develops and runs <a href='http://ddnet.tw'>DDNet</a>, a unique cooperative 2D game.
summary: <a href='https://dennis.felsing.org'>Dennis</a> is an active contributor to the <a href='https://nim-lang.org'>Nim</a> language while working on his Master's thesis at KIT. There he worked on research developing a new method for <a href='https://dennis.felsing.org/teaching-research/#automating-regression-verification'>Regression Verification</a> and teaching programming paradigms (Haskell, lambda calculus, type inference, Prolog, Scala, etc.). He also develops and runs <a href='https://ddnet.org'>DDNet</a>, a unique cooperative 2D game.
date: 2015-02-09
---

[Nim](http://nim-lang.org/) is a young and exciting imperative programming
[Chinese translation by Chang](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/592034409)

[Nim](https://nim-lang.org/) is a young and exciting imperative programming
language that is nearing its 1.0 release. My main motivation for using Nim is
its performance / productivity ratio and the joy of programming in Nim. In this
guide I'm going to show you how I start a Nim project.
Expand All @@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ online](https://github.com/def-/nim-brainfuck).
## Installation

Installing Nim is straightforward, you can follow the [official
instructions](http://nim-lang.org/download.html). Binaries for Windows are
instructions](https://nim-lang.org/download.html). Binaries for Windows are
provided. On other operating systems you can run the `build.sh` script to
compile the generated C code, which should take less than 1 minute on a modern
system.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ Command:
```

If `nim` reports its version and usage, we're good to continue. Now the modules
from [Nim's standard library](http://nim-lang.org/docs/lib.html) are just an import
from [Nim's standard library](https://nim-lang.org/docs/lib.html) are just an import
away. All other packages can be retrieved with
[nimble](https://github.com/nim-lang/nimble), Nim's package manager. Let's
follow the [one-liner installation
Expand All @@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ Downloading Official package list
```

Now we can browse the available [nimble
packages](http://nim-lang.org/docs/lib.html#nimble) or search for them on the
packages](https://nim-lang.org/docs/lib.html#nimble) or search for them on the
command line:

```
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -324,9 +326,9 @@ often during development to get a feeling for how everything works.

## Coding

While programming Nim's [documentation](http://nim-lang.org/documentation.html)
While programming Nim's [documentation](https://nim-lang.org/documentation.html)
comes in handy. If you don't know where to find what yet, there's a
[documentation index](http://nim-lang.org/docs/theindex.html), in which you can
[documentation index](https://nim-lang.org/docs/theindex.html), in which you can
search.

Let's start developing our interpreter by changing the `brainfuck.nim` file:
Expand All @@ -335,7 +337,7 @@ Let's start developing our interpreter by changing the `brainfuck.nim` file:
import os
```

First we import the [os module](http://nim-lang.org/docs/os.html), so that we can
First we import the [os module](https://nim-lang.org/docs/os.html), so that we can
read command line arguments.

```nimrod
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -632,13 +634,13 @@ proc interpret*(code: string) =
```

`nim doc brainfuck` builds the documentation, which you can [see
online](http://hookrace.net/nim-brainfuck/brainfuck.html) in its full glory.
online](https://hookrace.net/nim-brainfuck/brainfuck.html) in its full glory.

## Metaprogramming

As I said before, our interpreter is still pretty slow for the mandelbrot
program. Let's write a procedure that creates [Nim code
AST](http://nim-lang.org/docs/macros.html) at compile time instead:
AST](https://nim-lang.org/docs/macros.html) at compile time instead:

```nimrod
import macros
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -898,7 +900,7 @@ is that we always read from stdin and write to stdout.

Instead of accepting just a `code: string` as its parameter, we extend the
`interpret` procedure to also receive an input and output stream. This uses the
[streams module](http://nim-lang.org/docs/streams.html) that provides `FileStream`s
[streams module](https://nim-lang.org/docs/streams.html) that provides `FileStream`s
and `StringStream`s:

```nimrod
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -934,7 +936,7 @@ proc interpret*(code: string; input, output: Stream) =

I've also added some module wide documentation, including example code for
how our library can be used. Take a look at the [resulting
documentation](http://hookrace.net/nim-brainfuck/brainfuck.html).
documentation](https://hookrace.net/nim-brainfuck/brainfuck.html).

Most of the code stays the same, except the handling of brainfuck operations
`.` and `,`, which now use `output` instead of `stdout` and `input` instead of
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1083,7 +1085,7 @@ when isMainModule:
doAssert align("1232", 6, '#') == "##1232"
```

For a bigger project the [unittest module](http://nim-lang.org/docs/unittest.html)
For a bigger project the [unittest module](https://nim-lang.org/docs/unittest.html)
comes in handy.

We split up the tests into 3 files in the `tests/` directory:
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1165,7 +1167,7 @@ Time to publish [everything on
Github](https://github.com/def-/nim-brainfuck) and submit a pull request to
have `brainfuck` included in the [nimble
packages](https://github.com/nim-lang/packages). Once the package is accepted
you can find it in the [official list](http://nim-lang.org/docs/lib.html#nimble) and
you can find it in the [official list](https://nim-lang.org/docs/lib.html#nimble) and
use nimble to search for it and install it:

```
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1242,16 +1244,16 @@ This is the end of our tour through the Nim ecosystem, I hope you enjoyed it
and found it as interesting as it was for me to write it.

If you still want to learn more about Nim, I have recently written about [what
is special about Nim](http://hookrace.net/blog/what-is-special-about-nim/) and
[what makes Nim practical](http://hookrace.net/blog/what-makes-nim-practical/),
is special about Nim](https://hookrace.net/blog/what-is-special-about-nim/) and
[what makes Nim practical](https://hookrace.net/blog/what-makes-nim-practical/),
and have an [extensive collection of small
programs](https://github.com/def-/nim-unsorted).

If you're interested in a more traditional start into Nim, the [official
tutorial](http://nim-lang.org/docs/tut1.html) and [Nim by
tutorial](https://nim-lang.org/docs/tut1.html) and [Nim by
Example](https://nim-by-example.github.io/) can guide you.

The [Nim community](http://nim-lang.org/community.html) is very welcoming and
The [Nim community](https://nim-lang.org/community.html) is very welcoming and
helpful. Thanks to everyone who had suggestions and found bugs in this
document, especially Flaviu Tamas, Andreas Rumpf and Dominik Picheta.

Expand Down