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Glacier Thickness Database (GlaThiDa)

This dataset adheres to the Frictionless Data Tabular Data Package specification. All metadata is provided in datapackage.json. This README is automatically generated from the contents of that file.

  • version 3.0.1+fixes
  • created
  • id glathida-development
  • description Internationally collected, standardized dataset on glacier thickness from in-situ and remotely sensed observations, based on data submissions, literature review and airborne data from NASA’s Operation IceBridge.

GlaThiDa is a contribution to the working group on Glacier ice thickness estimation (http://www.cryosphericsciences.org/wg_glacierIceThickEst.html), which was formed under the auspices of the International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS). The working group – led by Daniel Farinotti, Liss Marie Andreassen and Huilin Li – will ensure the continuation and expansion of GlaThiDa.

The data might be subject to errors and inaccuracies. Hence, we strongly suggest performing data quality checks and, in case of ambiguities, to contact us as well as the original investigators and agencies.

To cite a subset of the data, refer to the investigators and references listed in the database. For example:

Dowdeswell et al. (2002), in: GlaThiDa Consortium (2019): Glacier Thickness Database 3.0.1. World Glacier Monitoring Service, Zurich, Switzerland. DOI:10.5904/wgms-glathida-2019-03

The GlaThiDa Consortium consists of the authors and contributors listed below.

Credits

Authors

People who have compiled and maintained GlaThiDa.

  • Ethan Welty, University of Colorado: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, United States
  • Francisco Navarro, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Spain
  • Johannes Fürst, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg (FAU): Department of Geography, Germany
  • Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, University of Zürich, Switzerland
  • Johannes Landmann, University of Zürich, Switzerland
  • Kathrin Naegeli, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
  • Matthias Huss, University of Fribourg: Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), Switzerland
  • Thomas Knecht, University of Zürich, Switzerland
  • Horst Machguth, University of Zürich, Switzerland
  • Michael Zemp, University of Zürich, Switzerland

Contributors

People who have performed measurements, processed data, and/or submitted data to GlaThiDa, listed in alphabetical order by last name. This list does not include authors of published datasets which were added to GlaThiDa, without consultation, by the authors of GlaThiDa.

  • Jakob Abermann, Asiaq Greenland Survey, Greenland
  • Songtao Ai, Wuhan University, China
  • Brian Anderson, Victoria University of Wellington: Antarctic Research Centre, New Zealand
  • Liss Marie Andreassen, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Norway
  • Serguei M. Arkhipov, Russian Academy of Sciences: Institute of Geography, Russia
  • Izumi Asaji, Hokkaido University, Japan
  • Andreas Bauder, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)–Zürich: Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), Switzerland
  • Jostein Bakke, University of Bergen: Department of Earth Sciences, Norway
  • Toby J. Benham, Scott Polar Research Institute, United Kingdom
  • Douglas I. Benn, University of Saint Andrews, United Kingdom
  • Daniel Binder, Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG), Austria
  • Elisa Bjerre, Technical University of Denmark: Arctic Technology Centre, Denmark
  • Helgi Björnsson, University of Iceland, Reykjavik
  • Norbert Blindow, Institute for Geophysics, University of Münster, Germany
  • Pascal Bohleber, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW): Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (IGF), Austria
  • Eliane Brändle, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
  • Gino Casassa, University of Magallanes: GAIA Antarctic Research Center (CIGA), Chile
  • Jorge Luis Ceballos, Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM), Colombia
  • Julian A. Dowdeswell, Scott Polar Research Institute, United Kingdom
  • Felipe Andres Echeverry Acosta
  • Hallgeir Elvehøy, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Norway
  • Rune Engeset, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Norway
  • Daniel Farinotti, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Switzerland
  • Andrea Fischer, Institute of Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (IGF), Austria
  • Mauro Fischer, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
  • Gwenn E. Flowers, Simon Fraser University: Department of Earth Sciences, Canada
  • Erlend Førre, University of Bergen: Department of Earth Sciences, Norway
  • Yoshiyuki Fujii, National Institute of Polar Research, Japan
  • Johannes Fürst, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg (FAU): Department of Geography, Germany
  • Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, University of Zürich, Switzerland
  • Mariusz Grabiec, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
  • Jon Ove Hagen, University of Oslo, Norway
  • Svein-Erik Hamran, University of Oslo, Norway
  • Lea Hartl, Institute of Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (IGF), Austria
  • Robert Hawley, Dartmouth College, United States
  • Kay Helfricht, Institute of Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (IGF), Austria
  • Matthias Huss, University of Fribourg: Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), Switzerland
  • Elisabeth Isaksson, Norwegian Polar Institute, Norway
  • Jacek Jania, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
  • Robert W. Jacobel, Saint Olaf College: Physics Department, United States
  • Michael Kennett, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Norway
  • Bjarne Kjøllmoen, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Norway
  • Thomas Knecht, University of Zürich, Switzerland
  • Jack Kohler, Norwegian Polar Institute, Norway
  • Vladimir Kotlyakov, Russian Academy of Sciences: Institute of Geography, Russia
  • Steen Savstrup Kristensen, Technical University of Denmark: Department of Space Research and Space Technology (DTU Space), Denmark
  • Stanislav Kutuzov, University of Reading, United Kingdom
  • Johannes Landmann, University of Zürich, Switzerland
  • Javier Lapazaran, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
  • Tron Laumann, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Norway
  • Ivan Lavrentiev, Russian Academy of Sciences: Institute of Geography, Russia
  • Huilin Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences: Tianshan Glaciological Station, China
  • Katrin Lindbäck, Norwegian Polar Institute, Norway
  • Peter Lisager, Asiaq Greenland Survey, Greenland
  • Horst Machguth, University of Zürich, Switzerland
  • Francisco Machío, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Spain
  • Gerhard Markl, Institute of Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (IGF), Austria
  • Enrico Mattea, University of Fribourg: Department of Geography, Switzerland
  • Kjetil Melvold, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Norway
  • Laurent Mingo, Blue System Integration Ltd., Canada
  • Christian Mitterer, Institute of Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (IGF), Austria
  • Andri Moll, University of Zürich, Switzerland
  • Kathrin Naegeli, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
  • Francisco Navarro, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Spain
  • Ian Owens, University of Canterbury: Department of Geography, New Zealand
  • Finnur Pálsson, University of Iceland, Reykjavik
  • Rickard Pettersson, Uppsala University, Sweden
  • Rainer Prinz, University of Graz: Department of Geography and Regional Science, Austria
  • Ya.-M.K. Punning, Estonian Academy of Sciences (USSR Academy of Sciences-Estonia): Institute of Geology, Estonia
  • Antoine Rabatel, University Grenoble Alpes, France
  • Ian Raphael, Dartmouth College, United States
  • David Rippin, University of York, United Kingdom
  • Andrés Rivera, Center for Scientific Studies (CECs), Chile
  • José Luis Rodríguez Lagos, Center for Scientific Studies (CECs), Chile
  • John Sanders, University of California, Berkeley: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, United States
  • Albane Saintenoy, University of Paris-Sud, France
  • Arne Chr. Sætrang, Norwegian Polar Institute, Norway
  • Marius Schaefer, Austral University of Chile: Institute of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (ICFM), Chile
  • Stefan Scheiblauer, Environmental Earth Observation Information Technology (ENVEO IT GmbH), Austria
  • Thomas V. Schuler, University of Oslo, Norway
  • Heïdi Sevestre, University of Saint Andrews, United Kingdom
  • Bernd Seiser, Institute of Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (IGF), Austria
  • Ingvild Sørdal, University of Oslo: Department of Geosciences, Norway
  • Jakob Steiner, University of Utrecht: Faculty of Geosciences, Netherlands
  • Peter Alexander Stentoft, Technical University of Denmark: Arctic Technology Centre (ARTEK), Denmark
  • Martin Stocker-Waldhuber, Technical University of Denmark: Arctic Technology Centre (ARTEK), Denmark
  • Bernd Seiser, Institute of Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (IGF), Austria
  • Shin Sugiyama, Hokkaido University: Institute of Low Temperature Science, Japan
  • Rein Vaikmäe, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
  • Evgeny Vasilenko, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
  • Nat J. Wilson, Simon Fraser University: Department of Earth Sciences, Canada
  • Victor S. Zagorodnov, Russian Academy of Sciences: Institute of Geography, Russia
  • Rodrigo Zamora, Center for Scientific Studies (CECs), Chile
  • Michael Zemp, University of Zürich, Switzerland

Sources

Published datasets incorporated into GlaThiDa, listed in order of appearance. This list should not be considered complete.

Data structure

The dataset is composed of three tabular data files, referred to here as T, TT, and TTT. The metadata describing their structure follows the Frictionless Data Tabular Data Resource specification.

All data files share a common format, structure, and encoding:

  • format csv
  • mediatype text/csv
  • encoding utf-8
  • profile tabular-data-resource
  • dialect
    • header true
    • delimiter ,
    • lineTerminator \n
    • quoteChar "
    • doubleQuote true
  • schema
    • missingValues [""]

T Glacier thickness: Overview

  • description Glacier-wide data and summary metadata for each ice thickness survey.
  • path data/T.csv
  • schema
    • primaryKey [GlaThiDa_ID]
GlaThiDa_ID Survey identifier
  • description Unique identifier assigned by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) to each survey. Links the corresponding entries in tables T, TT, and TTT.

Note: For data submission, use your own identifier that is unique within your submitted data.

  • type integer
  • required true
  • unique true
POLITICAL_UNIT Glacier country
  • description Two-character code (ISO 3166 Alpha-2) of the country in which the glacier is located. A list of codes is available at https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#search/code/.
  • type string
  • required true
  • enum [AF, AX, AL, DZ, AS, AD, AO, AI, AQ, AG, AR, AM, AW, AU, AT, AZ, BS, BH, BD, BB, BY, BE, BZ, BJ, BM, BT, BO, BQ, BA, BW, BV, BR, IO, BN, BG, BF, BI, CV, KH, CM, CA, KY, CF, TD, CL, CN, CX, CC, CO, KM, CD, CG, CK, CR, CI, HR, CU, CW, CY, CZ, DK, DJ, DM, DO, EC, EG, SV, GQ, ER, EE, SZ, ET, FK, FO, FJ, FI, FR, GF, PF, TF, GA, GM, GE, DE, GH, GI, GR, GL, GD, GP, GU, GT, GG, GN, GW, GY, HT, HM, VA, HN, HK, HU, IS, IN, ID, IR, IQ, IE, IM, IL, IT, JM, JP, JE, JO, KZ, KE, KI, KP, KR, KW, KG, LA, LV, LB, LS, LR, LY, LI, LT, LU, MO, MK, MG, MW, MY, MV, ML, MT, MH, MQ, MR, MU, YT, MX, FM, MD, MC, MN, ME, MS, MA, MZ, MM, NA, NR, NP, NL, NC, NZ, NI, NE, NG, NU, NF, MP, NO, OM, PK, PW, PS, PA, PG, PY, PE, PH, PN, PL, PT, PR, QA, RE, RO, RU, RW, BL, SH, KN, LC, MF, PM, VC, WS, SM, ST, SA, SN, RS, SC, SL, SG, SX, SK, SI, SB, SO, ZA, GS, SS, ES, LK, SD, SR, SJ, SE, CH, SY, TW, TJ, TZ, TH, TL, TG, TK, TO, TT, TN, TR, TM, TC, TV, UG, UA, AE, GB, UM, US, UY, UZ, VU, VE, VN, VG, VI, WF, EH, YE, ZM, ZW]
GLACIER_NAME Glacier name
  • description The name of the glacier, written in capital letters (A-Z).

In order to ensure global interoperability of our dataset, glacier names should only contain the following characters: A-Z (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z), 0-9 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), - (dash), . (period), : (colon), () (parentheses), / (forward slash), ' (apostrophe), and (space). Characters which do not fall into the given range should be transliterated. If no Latin name exists or if it contains accents, please apply the following rules:

- Neglect the use of accents.
- If available, use the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards for transliteration (https://www.iso.org/ics/01.140.10/x/), neglecting the use of accents.
- Some specific rules apply: Å → AA, Æ → AE, Ä → AE, ð → D, Ø → OE, œ → OE, Ö → OE, ß → SS, þ → TH, Ü → UE.

If a name is too long, a meaningful abbreviation should be used. In this case, the full name should be listed in REMARKS.

  • type string
  • maxLength 60
  • pattern ^[0-9A-Z \-\.\:\(\)\/\']*$
  • required false
GLACIER_DB Glacier database
  • description The database to which GLACIER_ID refers, if provided.

    • GLIMS: Global Land Ice Measurements from Space
    • RGI: Randolph Glacier Inventory
    • WGI: World Glacier Inventory
    • FOG: Fluctuations of Glaciers
    • OTH: Other (full name should be listed in REMARKS)
  • type string

  • required false

  • enum [GLIMS, RGI, WGI, FOG, OTH]

GLACIER_ID Glacier identifier
  • description Identifier of the glacier in the database specified in GLACIER_DB. For the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI), the database version should be included as part of the glacier identifier (e.g. 'RGI60-07.00244').
  • type string
  • maxLength 14
  • required false
LAT Glacier latitude (°, WGS 84)
  • description Latitude in decimal degrees (°, WGS 84), with up to six decimal places. Positive values indicate the northern hemisphere and negative values indicate the southern hemisphere. Three decimal places may not be sufficient depending on the proximity to other glaciers.

The point (LAT, LON) should be in the upper part of the glacier ablation area, in the main channel, and sufficiently high so as not to be lost if the glacier retreats.

  • type number
  • minimum -90
  • maximum 90
  • pattern ^\-?[0-9]*(\.[0-9]{0,6})?$
  • required true
LON Glacier longitude (°, WGS 84)
  • description Longitude in decimal degrees (°, WGS 84), with up to six decimal places. Positive values indicate east of the zero meridian and negative values indicate west of the zero meridian. Three decimal places may not be sufficient depending on the proximity to other glaciers.

The point (LAT, LON) should be in the upper part of the glacier ablation area, in the main channel, and sufficiently high so as not to be lost if the glacier retreats.

  • type number
  • minimum -180
  • maximum 180
  • pattern ^\-?[0-9]*(\.[0-9]{0,6})?$
  • required true
SURVEY_DATE Survey date
  • description Date of the survey, formatted as YYYYMMDD (4-digit year, 2-digit month, and 2-digit day). Use '99' to designate unknown day or month (e.g. 20100199, 20109999). For surveys spanning multiple dates, the first date should be given and the dates further described in REMARKS.
  • type date
  • format %Y%m%d
  • required false
ELEVATION_DATE Surface elevation date
  • description Date of the provided surface elevations (e.g. TT.LOWER_BOUND, TT.UPPER_BOUND, TTT.ELEVATION), formatted as YYYYMMDD (4-digit year, 2-digit month, and 2-digit day). Use '99' to designate unknown day or month (e.g. 20100199, 20109999). For elevations spanning multiple dates, the first date should be given and the dates further described in REMARKS. The source – for example, the digital elevation model (DEM) from which elevations were extracted, or whether elevations were measured with satellite navigation during the survey – should be described in REMARKS.
  • type date
  • format %Y%m%d
  • required false
AREA Total area (km^2)
  • description Total glacier area (km^2), up to five decimal places. If the date for the area is different from ELEVATION_DATE, it should be noted in REMARKS.
  • type number
  • minimum 0
  • pattern ^[0-9]*(\.[0-9]{0,5})?$
  • required false
MEAN_SLOPE Mean glacier slope (°)
  • description Mean surface slope over the entire glacier (°), as an integer. If the date for the slope is different from ELEVATION_DATE, it should be noted in REMARKS.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • maximum 90
  • required false
MEAN_THICKNESS Mean glacier thickness (m)
  • description Mean ice thickness (m), as an integer. Ideally, this represents the interpolated mean over the entire glacier rather than the mean of the individual thickness measurements. Otherwise, it should be noted in REMARKS and DATA_FLAG should be set to '2'.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • maximum 999999
  • required false
MEAN_THICKNESS_UNCERTAINTY Uncertainty of mean glacier thickness (m)
  • description Estimated random error of MEAN_THICKNESS (m), as an integer.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • maximum 999999
  • required false
MAXIMUM_THICKNESS Maximum glacier thickness (m)
  • description Maximum ice thickness (m), as an integer.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • maximum 999999
  • required false
MAX_THICKNESS_UNCERTAINTY Uncertainty of maximum glacier thickness (m)
  • description Estimated random error of MAXIMUM_THICKNESS (m), as an integer.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • maximum 999999
  • required false
SURVEY_METHOD Survey method
  • description Survey method used.

    • DRIh: Drilling (hydrothermal)
    • DRIm: Drilling (mechanical)
    • GPRa: Ground penetrating radar (airborne)
    • GPRt: Ground penetrating radar (terrestrial)
    • GPR: Ground penetrating radar (either both airborne and terrestrial, or unknown)
    • GEL: Geoelectric
    • HYM: Hydrometric
    • SEI: Seismic
    • OTH: Other (should be described in SURVEY_METHOD_DETAILS)
  • type string

  • enum [DRIh, DRIm, GPRa, GPRt, GPR, GEL, HYM, SEI, OTH]

  • required false

SURVEY_METHOD_DETAILS Survey method details
  • description Details useful to assess the uncertainty of the ice thickness measurements. For example, 'GPR full-range system, 100-MHz shielded antenna, constant wave velocity in ice of 0.168 m per ns.'
  • type string
  • required false
NUMBER_OF_SURVEY_POINTS Number of survey points
  • description Total number of survey points taken. Should be equal to either the number of points in table TTT, the number of points originally surveyed, or the number of points used to estimate the mean thickness over the glacier (T.MEAN_THICKNESS) or elevation intervals (TT.MEAN_THICKNESS). The specific meaning should be given in REMARKS.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • required false
NUMBER_OF_SURVEY_PROFILES Number of survey profiles (#)
  • description Total number of survey profiles taken. Should be equal to either the number of listed profiles (i.e. the number of unique values of TTT.PROFILE_ID), the number of profiles originally surveyed, or the number of profiles used to estimate the mean thickness over the glacier (T.MEAN_THICKNESS) or elevation intervals (TT.MEAN_THICKNESS). The specific meaning should be given in REMARKS.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • required false
TOTAL_LENGTH_OF_SURVEY_PROFILES Total length of survey profiles (km)
  • description Total length of survey profiles taken (km), up to two decimal places. Should be equal to either the total length of the listed profiles (i.e. the sum of the lengths of each profile, TTT.PROFILE_ID, based on the coordinates of the points, TTT.POINT_LAT and TTT.POINT_LON), the total length of the profiles originally surveyed, or the total length of the profiles used to estimate the mean thickness over the glacier (T.MEAN_THICKNESS) or elevation intervals (TT.MEAN_THICKNESS). The specific meaning should be given in REMARKS.
  • type number
  • minimum 0
  • pattern ^[0-9]*(\.[0-9]{0,2})?$
  • required false
INTERPOLATION_METHOD Interpolation method
  • description Interpolation method used to extrapolate ice thickness from survey points to the entire glacier.

    • IDW: Inverse distance weighting
    • KRG: Kriging
    • ANU: ANUDEM, including ArcInfo TOPOGRID and ArcGIS Topo To Raster)
    • TRI: Triangulation, including Triangulated irregular network (TIN)
    • OTH: Other (should be described in REMARKS)
  • type string

  • enum [IDW, KRG, ANU, TRI, OTH]

  • required false

INVESTIGATOR Investigators
  • description Name of the people or agencies that performed the survey or processed the data. For people, both first and last name should be given, complemented by other identifiers such as their affiliation or ORCID (http://orcid.org).
  • type string
  • required false
SPONSORING_AGENCY Sponsoring agencies
  • description Name and location of the agencies that sponsored the survey or hold the data.
  • type string
  • required false
REFERENCES References
  • description References to published literature directly relating to the survey, including the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) or URL when available.
  • type string
  • required false
DATA_FLAG Data flag
  • description Whether glacier thickness is erroneous or limited to parts of the glacier. All issues should be described in REMARKS.

    • 1: Erroneous glacier thickness
    • 2: Glacier thickness limited to parts of glacier
    • 3: Other issue
  • type integer

  • enum [1, 2, 3]

  • required false

REMARKS Remarks
  • description Any other important information about the survey not included elsewhere.
  • type string
  • required false

TT Glacier thickness: By elevation interval

  • description Glacier thickness by intervals of surface elevation, typically derived from maps of ice thickness.
  • path data/TT.csv
  • schema
    • primaryKey [GlaThiDa_ID, SURVEY_DATE, LOWER_BOUND, UPPER_BOUND]
    • foreignKeys
      • [1]
        • fields [GlaThiDa_ID]
        • reference
          • resource T
          • fields [GlaThiDa_ID]
GlaThiDa_ID Survey identifier
  • description Unique identifier assigned by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) to each survey. Links the corresponding entries in tables T, TT, and TTT.

Note: For data submission, use your own identifier that is unique within your submitted data.

  • type integer
  • required true
POLITICAL_UNIT Glacier country
  • description Two-character code (ISO 3166 Alpha-2) of the country in which the glacier is located. A list of codes is available at https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#search/code/.
  • type string
  • required true
  • enum [AF, AX, AL, DZ, AS, AD, AO, AI, AQ, AG, AR, AM, AW, AU, AT, AZ, BS, BH, BD, BB, BY, BE, BZ, BJ, BM, BT, BO, BQ, BA, BW, BV, BR, IO, BN, BG, BF, BI, CV, KH, CM, CA, KY, CF, TD, CL, CN, CX, CC, CO, KM, CD, CG, CK, CR, CI, HR, CU, CW, CY, CZ, DK, DJ, DM, DO, EC, EG, SV, GQ, ER, EE, SZ, ET, FK, FO, FJ, FI, FR, GF, PF, TF, GA, GM, GE, DE, GH, GI, GR, GL, GD, GP, GU, GT, GG, GN, GW, GY, HT, HM, VA, HN, HK, HU, IS, IN, ID, IR, IQ, IE, IM, IL, IT, JM, JP, JE, JO, KZ, KE, KI, KP, KR, KW, KG, LA, LV, LB, LS, LR, LY, LI, LT, LU, MO, MK, MG, MW, MY, MV, ML, MT, MH, MQ, MR, MU, YT, MX, FM, MD, MC, MN, ME, MS, MA, MZ, MM, NA, NR, NP, NL, NC, NZ, NI, NE, NG, NU, NF, MP, NO, OM, PK, PW, PS, PA, PG, PY, PE, PH, PN, PL, PT, PR, QA, RE, RO, RU, RW, BL, SH, KN, LC, MF, PM, VC, WS, SM, ST, SA, SN, RS, SC, SL, SG, SX, SK, SI, SB, SO, ZA, GS, SS, ES, LK, SD, SR, SJ, SE, CH, SY, TW, TJ, TZ, TH, TL, TG, TK, TO, TT, TN, TR, TM, TC, TV, UG, UA, AE, GB, UM, US, UY, UZ, VU, VE, VN, VG, VI, WF, EH, YE, ZM, ZW]
GLACIER_NAME Glacier name
  • description The name of the glacier, written in capital letters (A-Z).

In order to ensure global interoperability of our dataset, glacier names should only contain the following characters: A-Z (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z), 0-9 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), - (dash), . (period), : (colon), () (parentheses), / (forward slash), ' (apostrophe), and (space). Characters which do not fall into the given range should be transliterated. If no Latin name exists or if it contains accents, please apply the following rules:

- Neglect the use of accents.
- If available, use the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards for transliteration (https://www.iso.org/ics/01.140.10/x/), neglecting the use of accents.
- Some specific rules apply: Å → AA, Æ → AE, Ä → AE, ð →D, Ø → OE, œ → OE, Ö → OE, ß → SS, þ → TH, Ü → UE.

If a name is too long, a meaningful abbreviation should be used. In this case, the full name should be listed in REMARKS.

  • type string
  • maxLength 60
  • pattern ^[0-9A-Z \-\.\:\(\)\/\']*$
  • required false
SURVEY_DATE Survey date
  • description Date that the ice thickness was surveyed in the elevation interval, formatted as YYYYMMDD (4-digit year, 2-digit month, and 2-digit day). Use '99' to designate unknown day or month (e.g. 20100199, 20109999). For surveys spanning multiple dates, the first date should be given and the dates further described in REMARKS.
  • type date
  • format %Y%m%d
  • required false
LOWER_BOUND Lower elevation bound (m)
  • description Lower boundary of the surface elevation interval (m), as an integer. Elevations should be relative to mean sea level (geoid) unless noted in REMARKS or T.REMARKS.
  • type integer
  • maxLength 4
  • required true
UPPER_BOUND Upper elevation bound (m)
  • description Upper boundary of the surface elevation interval (m), as an integer. Elevations should be relative to mean sea level (geoid) unless noted in REMARKS or T.REMARKS.
  • type integer
  • maxLength 4
  • required true
AREA Total interval area (km^2)
  • description Total glacier area (km^2), up to five decimal places, for the elevation interval. If the date for the area is different from ELEVATION_DATE, it should be noted in REMARKS.
  • type number
  • minimum 0
  • pattern ^[0-9]*(\.[0-9]{0,5})?$
  • required false
MEAN_SLOPE Mean interval slope (°)
  • description Mean surface slope (°), as an integer, for the elevation interval. If the date for the slope is different from ELEVATION_DATE, it should be noted in REMARKS.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • maximum 90
  • required false
MEAN_THICKNESS Mean interval thickness (m)
  • description Mean ice thickness (m), as an integer, for the elevation interval. Ideally, this is the interpolated mean of the entire elevation interval rather than the mean of the individual thickness measurements. Otherwise, it should be noted in REMARKS and DATA_FLAG should be set to '2'.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • maximum 999999
  • required true
MEAN_THICKNESS_UNCERTAINTY Uncertainty of mean interval thickness (m)
  • description Estimated random error of MEAN_THICKNESS (m), as an integer.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • maximum 999999
  • required false
MAXIMUM_THICKNESS Maximum interval thickness (m)
  • description Maximum ice thickness (m), as an integer, for the elevation interval.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • maximum 999999
  • required false
MAX_THICKNESS_UNCERTAINTY Uncertainty of maximum interval thickness (m)
  • description Estimated random error of MAXIMUM_THICKNESS (m), as an integer.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • maximum 999999
  • required false
DATA_FLAG Data flag
  • description Whether ice thickness is erroneous or limited to parts of the elevation interval. Issues specific to the elevation interval should be described in REMARKS while issues common to all elevation intervals should be described in T.REMARKS.

    • 1: Erroneous ice thickness
    • 2: Ice thickness limited to parts of elevation interval
    • 3: Other issue
  • type integer

  • enum [1, 2, 3]

  • required false

REMARKS Remarks
  • description Any other important information about the survey – specific to the elevation interval – not included elsewhere.
  • type string
  • required false

TTT Glacier thickness: Point measurements

  • description Glacier thickness measured at specific points.
  • path data/TTT.csv
  • schema
    • primaryKey [GlaThiDa_ID, SURVEY_DATE, PROFILE_ID, POINT_ID]
    • foreignKeys
      • [1]
        • fields [GlaThiDa_ID]
        • reference
          • resource T
          • fields [GlaThiDa_ID]
GlaThiDa_ID Survey identifier
  • description Unique identifier assigned by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) to each survey. Links the corresponding entries in tables T, TT, and TTT.

Note: For data submission, use your own identifier that is unique within your submitted data.

  • type integer
  • required true
POLITICAL_UNIT Glacier country
  • description Two-character code (ISO 3166 Alpha-2) of the country in which the glacier is located. A list of codes is available at https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#search/code/.
  • type string
  • required true
  • enum [AF, AX, AL, DZ, AS, AD, AO, AI, AQ, AG, AR, AM, AW, AU, AT, AZ, BS, BH, BD, BB, BY, BE, BZ, BJ, BM, BT, BO, BQ, BA, BW, BV, BR, IO, BN, BG, BF, BI, CV, KH, CM, CA, KY, CF, TD, CL, CN, CX, CC, CO, KM, CD, CG, CK, CR, CI, HR, CU, CW, CY, CZ, DK, DJ, DM, DO, EC, EG, SV, GQ, ER, EE, SZ, ET, FK, FO, FJ, FI, FR, GF, PF, TF, GA, GM, GE, DE, GH, GI, GR, GL, GD, GP, GU, GT, GG, GN, GW, GY, HT, HM, VA, HN, HK, HU, IS, IN, ID, IR, IQ, IE, IM, IL, IT, JM, JP, JE, JO, KZ, KE, KI, KP, KR, KW, KG, LA, LV, LB, LS, LR, LY, LI, LT, LU, MO, MK, MG, MW, MY, MV, ML, MT, MH, MQ, MR, MU, YT, MX, FM, MD, MC, MN, ME, MS, MA, MZ, MM, NA, NR, NP, NL, NC, NZ, NI, NE, NG, NU, NF, MP, NO, OM, PK, PW, PS, PA, PG, PY, PE, PH, PN, PL, PT, PR, QA, RE, RO, RU, RW, BL, SH, KN, LC, MF, PM, VC, WS, SM, ST, SA, SN, RS, SC, SL, SG, SX, SK, SI, SB, SO, ZA, GS, SS, ES, LK, SD, SR, SJ, SE, CH, SY, TW, TJ, TZ, TH, TL, TG, TK, TO, TT, TN, TR, TM, TC, TV, UG, UA, AE, GB, UM, US, UY, UZ, VU, VE, VN, VG, VI, WF, EH, YE, ZM, ZW]
GLACIER_NAME Glacier name
  • description The name of the glacier, written in capital letters (A-Z).

In order to ensure global interoperability of our dataset, glacier names should only contain the following characters: A-Z (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z), 0-9 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), - (dash), . (period), : (colon), () (parentheses), / (forward slash), ' (apostrophe), and (space). Characters which do not fall into the given range should be transliterated. If no Latin name exists or if it contains accents, please apply the following rules:

- Neglect the use of accents.
- If available, use the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards for transliteration (https://www.iso.org/ics/01.140.10/x/), neglecting the use of accents.
- Some specific rules apply: Å → AA, Æ → AE, Ä → AE, ð →D, Ø → OE, œ → OE, Ö → OE, ß → SS, þ → TH, Ü → UE.

If a name is too long, a meaningful abbreviation should be used. In this case, the full name should be listed in REMARKS.

  • type string
  • maxLength 60
  • pattern ^[0-9A-Z \-\.\:\(\)\/\']*$
  • required false
SURVEY_DATE Survey date
  • description Date that the point was surveyed, formatted as YYYYMMDD (4-digit year, 2-digit month, and 2-digit day). Use '99' to designate unknown day or month (e.g. 20100199, 20109999).
  • type date
  • format %Y%m%d
  • required false
PROFILE_ID Profile identifier
  • description Identifier for the survey profile which the point belongs to (if applicable). Should serve to both distinguish between different profiles and to sort the profiles in the order in which they were collected (e.g. 1, 2, 3, ...).
  • type string
  • maxLength 8
  • required false
POINT_ID Point identifier
  • description Identifier for the point. Should serve to both distinguish between different points and to sort the profiles in the order in which they were collected (e.g. 1, 2, 3, ...).
  • type string
  • maxLength 8
  • required true
POINT_LAT Point latitude (°, WGS 84)
  • description Latitude in decimal degrees (°, WGS 84), with up to seven decimal places. Positive values indicate the northern hemisphere and negative values indicate the southern hemisphere.
  • type number
  • minimum -90
  • maximum 90
  • pattern ^\-?[0-9]*(\.[0-9]{0,7})?$
  • required true
POINT_LON Point longitude (°, WGS 84)
  • description Longitude in decimal degrees (°, WGS 84), with up to seven decimal places. Positive values indicate east of the zero meridian and negative values indicate west of the zero meridian.
  • type number
  • minimum -180
  • maximum 180
  • pattern ^\-?[0-9]*(\.[0-9]{0,7})?$
  • required true
ELEVATION Point elevation (m)
  • description Point elevation (m), as an integer. Elevations should be relative to mean sea level (geoid) unless noted in REMARKS or T.REMARKS.
  • type integer
  • maxLength 6
  • required false
THICKNESS Ice thickness (m)
  • description Ice thickness (m), as an integer, measured at the point.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • maximum 999999
  • required true
THICKNESS_UNCERTAINTY Uncertainty of ice thickness (m)
  • description Estimated random error of THICKNESS (m), as an integer.
  • type integer
  • minimum 0
  • maximum 999999
  • required false
DATA_FLAG Data flag
  • description Whether ice thickness is erroneous. Issues specific to the point should be described in REMARKS while issues common to all points in the survey should be described in T.REMARKS.

    • 1: Erroneous ice thickness
    • 3: Other issue
  • type integer

  • enum [1, 3]

  • required false

REMARKS Remarks
  • description Any other important information about the survey – specific to the point – not included elsewhere.
  • type string
  • required false