Support for the V ORM

DO NOT MERGE.

This is partial support for the ORM. However, there are some challenges
that need to be addressed before this can be properly reviewed and
landed:

1. The ORM in V requires drivers to be hard-coded. See #90.

2. The Connection doesn't _really_ implement orm.Connection because the
vsql Connection is required to be mut and the current interface
definition does not allow this.

3. We need to create a new test suite for the ORM. `vsql/orm_test.v`
filled with combinations of statements "sql" commands will work just
fine. Specifically, we need to test different combinations of
expressions and types.

Fixes #90

Makefile

@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@ btree-test: oldv
 sql-test: oldv
 	$(V) -stats $(BUILD_OPTIONS) test vsql/sql_test.v
 
+orm-test: oldv
+	$(V) -stats $(BUILD_OPTIONS) test vsql/orm_test.v
+
 # CLI Tests
 
 cli-test: bin/vsql

docs/v-client-library-docs.rst

@@ -13,15 +13,29 @@ Constants
 
 
 
-fn open
--------
+fn open_database
+----------------
 
 
 .. code-block:: v
 
-   pub fn open(path string) !&Connection
+   pub fn open_database(path string, options ConnectionOptions) !&Connection
 
-open is the convenience function for open_database() with default options.
+open_database will open an existing database file or create a new file if the path does not exist.
+
+If the file does exist, open_database will assume that the file is a valid database file (not corrupt). Otherwise unexpected behavior or even a crash may occur.
+
+The special file name ":memory:" can be used to create an entirely in-memory database. This will be faster but all data will be lost when the connection is closed.
+
+open_database can be used concurrently for reading and writing to the same file and provides the following default protections:
+
+- Fine: Multiple processes open_database() the same file.
+
+- Fine: Multiple goroutines sharing an open_database() on the same file.
+
+- Bad: Multiple goroutines open_database() the same file.
+
+See ConnectionOptions and default_connection_options().
 
 fn catalog_name_from_path
 -------------------------
@@ -85,29 +99,15 @@ fn default_connection_options
 
 default_connection_options returns the sensible defaults used by open() and the correct base to provide your own option overrides. See ConnectionOptions.
 
-fn open_database
-----------------
+fn open_orm
+-----------
 
 
 .. code-block:: v
 
-   pub fn open_database(path string, options ConnectionOptions) !&Connection
-
-open_database will open an existing database file or create a new file if the path does not exist.
-
-If the file does exist, open_database will assume that the file is a valid database file (not corrupt). Otherwise unexpected behavior or even a crash may occur.
+   pub fn open_orm(path string) !ORMConnection
 
-The special file name ":memory:" can be used to create an entirely in-memory database. This will be faster but all data will be lost when the connection is closed.
 
-open_database can be used concurrently for reading and writing to the same file and provides the following default protections:
-
-- Fine: Multiple processes open_database() the same file.
-
-- Fine: Multiple goroutines sharing an open_database() on the same file.
-
-- Bad: Multiple goroutines open_database() the same file.
-
-See ConnectionOptions and default_connection_options().
 
 fn new_benchmark
 ----------------
@@ -217,6 +217,16 @@ new_numeric_value expects a value to be valid and the size and scale are determi
 
 
 
+fn new_primitive_value
+----------------------
+
+
+.. code-block:: v
+
+   pub fn new_primitive_value(p orm.Primitive) !Value
+
+new_primitive_value returns the Value of a Primitive. Primitives are used by the ORM.
+
 fn new_query_cache
 ------------------
 
@@ -287,25 +297,35 @@ fn new_timestamp_value
 
 new_timestamp_value creates a ``TIMESTAMP`` value.
 
-fn new_varchar_value
+fn new_unknown_value
 --------------------
 
 
 .. code-block:: v
 
-   pub fn new_varchar_value(x string) Value
+   pub fn new_unknown_value() Value
 
-new_varchar_value creates a ``CHARACTER VARYING`` value.
+new_unknown_value returns an ``UNKNOWN`` value. This is the ``NULL`` representation of ``BOOLEAN``.
 
-fn new_unknown_value
+fn open
+-------
+
+
+.. code-block:: v
+
+   pub fn open(path string) !&Connection
+
+open is the convenience function for open_database() with default options.
+
+fn new_varchar_value
 --------------------
 
 
 .. code-block:: v
 
-   pub fn new_unknown_value() Value
+   pub fn new_varchar_value(x string) Value
 
-new_unknown_value returns an ``UNKNOWN`` value. This is the ``NULL`` representation of ``BOOLEAN``.
+new_varchar_value creates a ``CHARACTER VARYING`` value.
 
 type Row
 --------
@@ -341,6 +361,37 @@ enum Boolean
 
 Possible values for a BOOLEAN.
 
+struct PageObject
+-----------------
+
+
+.. code-block:: v
+
+   pub struct PageObject {
+   	// The key is not required to be unique in the page. It becomes unique when
+   	// combined with tid. However, no more than two version of the same key can
+   	// exist in a page. See the caveats at the top of btree.v.
+   	key []u8
+   	// The value contains the serialized data for the object. The first byte of
+   	// key is used to both identify what type of object this is and also keep
+   	// objects within the same collection also within the same range.
+   	value []u8
+   	// When is_blob_ref is true, the value will be always be 5 bytes. See
+   	// blob_info().
+   	is_blob_ref bool
+   mut:
+   	// The tid is the transaction that created the object.
+   	//
+   	// TODO(elliotchance): It makes more sense to construct a new PageObject
+   	//  when changing the tid and xid.
+   	tid int
+   	// The xid is the transaciton that deleted the object, or zero if it has
+   	// never been deleted.
+   	xid int
+   }
+
+TODO(elliotchance): This does not need to be public. It was required for a bug at the time with V not being able to pass this to the shuffle function. At some point in the future remove the pub and see if it works.
+
 struct ConnectionOptions
 ------------------------
 
@@ -684,36 +735,18 @@ struct Value
 
 A single value. It contains it's type information in ``typ``.
 
-struct PageObject
------------------
+struct ORMConnection
+--------------------
 
 
 .. code-block:: v
 
-   pub struct PageObject {
-   	// The key is not required to be unique in the page. It becomes unique when
-   	// combined with tid. However, no more than two version of the same key can
-   	// exist in a page. See the caveats at the top of btree.v.
-   	key []u8
-   	// The value contains the serialized data for the object. The first byte of
-   	// key is used to both identify what type of object this is and also keep
-   	// objects within the same collection also within the same range.
-   	value []u8
-   	// When is_blob_ref is true, the value will be always be 5 bytes. See
-   	// blob_info().
-   	is_blob_ref bool
+   pub struct ORMConnection {
    mut:
-   	// The tid is the transaction that created the object.
-   	//
-   	// TODO(elliotchance): It makes more sense to construct a new PageObject
-   	//  when changing the tid and xid.
-   	tid int
-   	// The xid is the transaciton that deleted the object, or zero if it has
-   	// never been deleted.
-   	xid int
+   	c Connection
    }
 
-TODO(elliotchance): This does not need to be public. It was required for a bug at the time with V not being able to pass this to the shuffle function. At some point in the future remove the pub and see if it works.
+
 
 struct Identifier
 -----------------

examples/orm.v

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import os
+import vsql
+
+fn main() {
+	os.rm('test.vsql') or {}
+	example() or { panic(err) }
+}
+
+struct Product {
+	id           int    @[primary]
+	product_name string @[sql_type: 'varchar(100)']
+	price        f64
+}
+
+fn (p Product) str() string {
+	return '${p.product_name} ($${p.price})'
+}
+
+fn example() ! {
+	mut db := vsql.open_orm('test.vsql')!
+
+	sql db {
+		create table Product
+	}!
+
+	products := [
+		Product{1, 'Ice Cream', 5.99},
+		Product{2, 'Ham Sandwhich', 3.47},
+		Product{3, 'Bagel', 1.25},
+	]
+	for product in products {
+		sql db {
+			insert product into Product
+		}!
+	}
+
+	println('Products over $2:')
+	for row in sql db {
+		select from Product where price > 2
+	}! {
+		println(row)
+	}
+}

vsql/connection.v

@@ -67,6 +67,10 @@ pub fn open(path string) !&Connection {
 	return open_database(path, default_connection_options())
 }
 
+pub fn open_orm(path string) !ORMConnection {
+	return ORMConnection{open(path)!}
+}
+
 // open_database will open an existing database file or create a new file if the
 // path does not exist.
 //
@@ -412,6 +416,23 @@ pub fn (mut conn CatalogConnection) schema_tables(schema string) ![]Table {
 	return tables
 }
 
+// schema_table returns the table for the provided schema. If the schema or
+// table does not exist and empty list will be returned.
+pub fn (mut conn CatalogConnection) schema_table(schema string, table string) !Table {
+	conn.open_read_connection()!
+	defer {
+		conn.release_read_connection()
+	}
+
+	for _, t in conn.storage.tables {
+		if t.name.schema_name == schema && t.name.entity_name == table {
+			return t
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sqlstate_42p01('table', table) // table does not exist
+}
+
 // resolve_identifier returns a new identifier that would represent the
 // canonical (fully qualified) form.
 fn (conn Connection) resolve_identifier(identifier Identifier) Identifier {

vsql/earley.v

@@ -237,7 +237,8 @@ fn parse(tokens []Token) !Stmt {
 	mut columns := tokenize_earley_columns(tokens)
 	mut grammar := get_grammar()
 
-	q0 := parse_earley(grammar['<preparable statement>'], mut columns)!
+	q0 := parse_earley(grammar['<preparable statement>'] or { panic('no entry rule') }, mut
+		columns)!
 
 	trees := build_trees(q0)
 	if trees.len == 0 {