Update python matrix (add 3.10, 3.11, 3.12 - drop 3.7)

[Callek]

Description

• Removes python 3.7
  • Because conda no longer supports 3.7
• Adds python 3.10, 3.11, and 3.12
  • All Supported by conda now

Checklist - did you ...

• Add a file to the news directory (using the template) for the next release's release notes?
• Add / update necessary tests?
• Add / update outdated documentation?
  • I don't see any documentation that shows the python version range

Extra Note

In python 3.12 this now raises the following warning:

DeprecationWarning: Python 3.14 will, by default, filter extracted tar archives and reject files or modify their metadata. Use the filter argument to control this behavior.

That relates to https://docs.python.org/3/library/tarfile.html#extraction-filters and specifically in 3.8->3.12 an non-specified filter will default to fully_trusted which may not be secure. I went with not altering the behavior in this PR, but a followup issue should be filed/acted on to decide how we want to proceed.

This is a warning that is also present on 3.12 CI for conda itself.

[conda-bot]

We require contributors to sign our Contributor License Agreement and we don't have one on file for @Callek.

In order for us to review and merge your code, please e-sign the Contributor License Agreement PDF. We then need to manually verify your signature, merge the PR (conda/infrastructure#889), and ping the bot to refresh the PR.

[kenodegard]

@conda-bot check

[Callek]

This must have been added by black 24.x since I ran that here.