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Provably Secure Steganography

How to hide messages imperceptibly?

Must-read papers:

Category Paper Abbr. Message Embedding Domain Drawbacks
Basic Theories Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems
Shannon. BSTJ ’49 Semantic Scholar Badge
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An Information-Theoretic Model for Steganography
Cachin. IH ’98 Semantic Scholar Badge
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Chapter 6: Steganographic Security, in Steganography in Digital Media: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications
Fridrich. 2009 Semantic Scholar Badge
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Rejection sampling-based Provably Secure Steganography
Hopper et al. CRYPTO ’02 Semantic Scholar Badge
RejSamp f(stego) Slow & Inefficient
Public-Key Steganography
von Ahn and Hopper. EUROCRYPT ’04 Semantic Scholar Badge
Public-Key Steganography with Active Attacks
Backes and Cachin. TCC ’05 Semantic Scholar Badge
Arithmetic coding-based Efficient Provably Secure Public Key Steganography
Le. IACR ePrint ’03 Semantic Scholar Badge
AC Token indexes Not secure
Provably Secure Generative Steganography Based on Autoregressive Model
Yang et al. IWDW ’18 Semantic Scholar Badge
Neural Linguistic Steganography
Ziegler et al. EMNLP ’19 Semantic Scholar Badge
GitHub Badge
Distribution-Preserving Steganography Based on Text-to-Speech Generative Models
Chen et al. TDSC ’21 Semantic Scholar Badge
GitHub Badge
Meteor: Cryptographically Secure Steganography for Realistic Distributions
Kaptchuk et al. CCS ’21 Semantic Scholar Badge
GitHub Gist Badge Blog Post Badge
Meteor Token indexes Slow (w/ sort) or Inefficient (w/o sort)
Grouping-based Provably Secure Generative Linguistic Steganography
Zhang et al. Findings of ACL ’21 Semantic Scholar Badge
GitHub Badge
ADG Group indexes Not secure
Coupling-based Perfectly Secure Steganography Using Minimum Entropy Coupling
Witt et al. ICLR ’23 Semantic Scholar Badge
GitHub Badge
iMEC Token indexes Slow
Distribution copies-based Discop: Provably Secure Steganography in Practice Based on “Distribution Copies”
Ding et al. S&P ’23 Semantic Scholar Badge
GitHub Badge Blog Post Badge
Discop Distribution copy indexes Symmetric-key only
Review Provably Secure Steganography: Theory, Application and Prospects (in Chinese)
Zhang et al. J.Cybersecurity (CN) ’23
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Optional reference papers (generative linguistic steganography):

  • Generating Steganographic Text with LSTMs
  • RNN-Stega: Linguistic Steganography Based on Recurrent Neural Networks
  • Towards Near-imperceptible Steganographic Text
  • Near-imperceptible Neural Linguistic Steganography via Self-Adjusting Arithmetic Coding

Keywords: information hiding, steganography, provably secure steganography, rejection sampling, arithmetic coding, adaptive dynamic grouping, distribution copies, minimum entropy coupling

关键词:信息隐藏,隐写,可证明安全隐写,拒绝采样,算术编码,动态自适应分组,分布副本,最小熵耦合