# Summary

A Universal Dependencies Corpus for Hebrew.



# Introduction

Universal Dependencies - Hebrew Dependency Treebank (v2)
https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/UD_Hebrew

V1 for the the corpus was built by semi-automatic conversion of the
Hebrew Constituency Treebank (v2).
V2 is converted from V1, using a combination of automatic conversion when possible,
and manual conversion and verification in other cases.



# Structure

This directory contains a corpus of sentences annotated using Universal Dependencies annotation.
The corpus comprises 115,535 tokens (158,855 words) and 6,216 sentences, taken from the `Ha'aretz` newspaper.
The trees were manually annotated into phrase-structure trees, and then semi-automatically converted
into Universal Dependencies.

This file is compatible with the CoNLL-U format defined for Universal Dependencies. See:
http://universaldependencies.github.io/docs/format.html . However, at present the files do not
include lemmas for words. These may be added in a later release.

The dependency taxonomy can be found on the Universal Dependencies web site:

    http://universaldependencies.github.io/docs/
    http://universaldependencies.github.io/docs/#language-he

The Train/Dev/Test split follows previous splits of the underlying Treebank, namely:
sentences 1-484 dev (10,534 tokens), 485-5725 train (127,363 tokens), 5726-6216 test (11,386 tokens).

Some parts of the structure are more reliable than others. In particular, words with a "morphological feature"
entry of HebSource=ConvUncertainHead or HebSource=ConvUncertainLabel indicate that the head (label) information
for this token is based on unreliable information.



# Fixes

To help improve the corpus, please alert us to any errors you find in it;
contact Yoav Goldberg at yoav.goldberg@gmail.com or Reut Tsarfaty at reut.tsarfaty@gmail.com

# Known issues
- Does not yet fully annotate enhanced dependencies.



# Acknowledgments

The Universal Dependencies Hebrew Treebank created by:
(in alphabetic order):

- Yoav Goldberg
- Reut Tsarfaty

- The following people were also involved in the creation of v2:
- Amir More (adding Lemmas, detokenization, v1->v2 conversion)
- Yuval Pinter (documentation, v2.12 fix guidelines)
- Shoval Sadde (documentation, v2 validation and conversion)
- Victoria Basmov (v2 validation and conversion)

The Universal Dependencies Hebrew Treebank is based on the
Hebrew Constituency Treebank (v2) developed by MILA, The Knowledge Center for Processing Hebrew.
(http://www.mila.cs.technion.ac.il/resources_treebank.html)

## References

You are encouraged to cite these papers if you use the Hebrew Universal Dependencies Treebank:

    @inproceedings{tsarfaty2013unified,
        title={A Unified Morpho-Syntactic Scheme of Stanford Dependencies},
        author={Tsarfaty, Reut},
        booktitle={Proc. of ACL},
        year={2013}
    }

    @inproceedings{mcdonald2013universal,
        title={Universal Dependency Annotation for Multilingual Parsing},
        author={McDonald, Ryan T and Nivre, Joakim and Quirmbach-Brundage, Yvonne and Goldberg, Yoav and Das, Dipanjan and Ganchev, Kuzman and Hall, Keith B and Petrov, Slav and Zhang, Hao and T{\"a}ckstr{\"o}m, Oscar and others},
        booktitle={Proc. of ACL},
        year={2013}
    }

Note that these papers do not accurately reflect the current annotation in the Treebank. A more up-to-date publication
is forthcoming.



# Changelog

* v2.12
  * Removed auxiliaries and copulae with children
  * Fixed meta-data errors
  * Fixed projection errors
  * Fixed discrepancies between edge types and POS tags
  * ... And many other small fixes
* v2.8
  * Fixed validation issues with lang-spec relations and features.
  * Attribute HebSource moved from FEATS to MISC; same for undocumented Xtra=Junk.
  * HebExistential changed from True to Yes as with other boolean features in UD.
* v2.2
  * Repository renamed from UD_Hebrew to UD_Hebrew-HTB.
* v2.0
  * Conversion to UD v2 guidelines.
* v1.2
  * Fixed a labeling bug.



<pre>
=== Machine-readable metadata (DO NOT REMOVE!) ================================
Data available since: UD v1.1
License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Includes text: yes
Genre: news
Lemmas: converted from manual
UPOS: converted from manual
XPOS: manual native
Features: converted from manual
Relations: converted from manual
Contributors: Goldberg, Yoav; Tsarfaty, Reut; More, Amir; Sadde, Shoval; Basmov, Victoria; Pinter, Yuval
Contributing: elsewhere
Contact: yoav.goldberg@gmail.com, reut.tsarfaty@gmail.com, habeanf@gmail.com, shovatz@gmail.com, vikasaeta@gmail.com, uvp@cs.bgu.ac.il
===============================================================================
</pre>