Constituency TreeBank

A treebank is a corpus where the sentences in each language are syntactically (if necessary morphologically) annotated. In the treebanks, the syntactic annotation usually follows constituent and/or dependency structure.

Treebanks annotated for the syntactic or semantic structures of the sentences are essential for developing state-of-the-art statistical natural language processing (NLP) systems including part-of-speech-taggers, syntactic parsers, and machine translation systems. There are two main groups of syntactic treebanks, namely treebanks annotated for constituency (phrase structure) and the ones that are annotated for dependency structure.

Data Format

We extend the original format with the relevant information, given between curly braces. For example, the word 'problem' in a sentence in the standard Penn Treebank notation, may be represented in the data format provided below:

(NN problem)

After all levels of processing are finished, the data structure stored for the same word has the following form in the system.

(NN {turkish=sorunu} {english=problem} 
{morphologicalAnalysis=sorun+NOUN+A3SG+PNON+ACC}
{metaMorphemes=sorun+yH}
{semantics=TUR10-0703650})

As is self-explanatory, 'turkish' tag shows the original Turkish word; 'morphologicalanalysis' tag shows the correct morphological parse of that word; 'semantics' tag shows the ID of the correct sense of that word; 'namedEntity' tag shows the named entity tag of that word; 'propbank' tag shows the semantic role of that word for the verb synset id (frame id in the frame file) which is also given in that tag.

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For Developers

You can also see Python, Cython, C++, C, Js, Swift, or C# repository.

Requirements

• Java Development Kit 8 or higher, Open JDK or Oracle JDK
• Maven
• Git

Java

To check if you have a compatible version of Java installed, use the following command:

java -version

If you don't have a compatible version, you can download either Oracle JDK or OpenJDK

Maven

To check if you have Maven installed, use the following command:

mvn --version

To install Maven, you can follow the instructions here.

Git

Install the latest version of Git.

Download Code

In order to work on code, create a fork from GitHub page. Use Git for cloning the code to your local or below line for Ubuntu:

git clone <your-fork-git-link>

A directory called WordNet will be created. Or you can use below link for exploring the code:

git clone https://github.com/starlangsoftware/AnnotatedTree.git

Open project with IntelliJ IDEA

Steps for opening the cloned project:

• Start IDE
• Select File | Open from main menu
• Choose AnnotatedTree/pom.xml file
• Select open as project option
• Couple of seconds, dependencies with Maven will be downloaded.

Compile

From IDE

After being done with the downloading and Maven indexing, select Build Project option from Build menu. After compilation process, user can run AnnotatedTree.

From Console

Go to AnnotatedTree directory and compile with

 mvn compile 

Generating jar files

From IDE

Use package of 'Lifecycle' from maven window on the right and from AnnotatedTree root module.

From Console

Use below line to generate jar file:

 mvn install

Maven Usage

    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.github.starlangsoftware</groupId>
        <artifactId>AnnotatedTree</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.54</version>
    </dependency>

Detailed Description

• TreeBankDrawable
• ParseTreeDrawable
• LayerInfo

TreeBankDrawable

To load an annotated TreeBank:

TreeBankDrawable(File folder, String pattern)
a = new TreeBankDrawable(new File("/Turkish-Phrase"), ".train")

TreeBankDrawable(File folder)
a = new TreeBankDrawable(new File("/Turkish-Phrase"))

TreeBankDrawable(File folder, String pattern, int from, int to)
a = new TreeBankDrawable(new File("/Turkish-Phrase"), ".train", 1, 500)

To access all the trees in a TreeBankDrawable:

for (int i = 0; i < a.sentenceCount(); i++){
	ParseTreeDrawable parseTree = (ParseTreeDrawable) a.get(i);
	....
}

ParseTreeDrawable

To load a saved ParseTreeDrawable:

ParseTreeDrawable(FileInputStream file)

is used. Usually it is more useful to load TreeBankDrawable as explained above than to load ParseTree one by one.

To find the node number of a ParseTreeDrawable:

int nodeCount()

the leaf number of a ParseTreeDrawable:

int leafCount()

the word count in a ParseTreeDrawable:

int wordCount(boolean excludeStopWords)

above methods can be used.

LayerInfo

Information of an annotated word is kept in LayerInfo class. To access the morphological analysis of the annotated word:

MorphologicalParse getMorphologicalParseAt(int index)

meaning of an annotated word:

String getSemanticAt(int index)

the shallow parse tag (e.g., subject, indirect object etc.) of annotated word:

String getShallowParseAt(int index)

the argument tag of the annotated word:

Argument getArgumentAt(int index)

the word count in a node:

int getNumberOfWords()

Cite

@inproceedings{yildiz-etal-2014-constructing,
	title = "Constructing a {T}urkish-{E}nglish Parallel {T}ree{B}ank",
	author = {Y{\i}ld{\i}z, Olcay Taner  and
  	Solak, Ercan  and
  	G{\"o}rg{\"u}n, Onur  and
  	Ehsani, Razieh},
	booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
	month = jun,
	year = "2014",
	address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
	publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
	url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2019",
	doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2019",
	pages = "112--117",
}