Accessibility-Quiz-Page

This project is a practice quiz for HTML and CSS concepts.
It features a responsive layout, semantic HTML, and accessibility enhancements.
The quiz includes sections for student information, HTML questions, and CSS questions.

The project includes an HTML form with multiple sections, each focusing on a different topic. The sections include:

• Student Info: This section allows students to input their name, email, and date of birth.
• HTML Questions: Here, you will find a couple of true/false questions related to HTML.
• CSS Questions: This section includes a dropdown menu and a textarea
  for students to provide information about their experience as a frontend developer
  and ask any CSS-related questions they might have.
  

The project utilizes semantic HTML elements and incorporates accessibility features
to ensure a better user experience for everyone.
It also includes a responsive design using CSS Flexbox for the header and other layout elements.

Concepts Learned

• The Lang attribute:

  • Assist screen readers in identifying the language of the page.
    

• Meta element:

  • Specify information about the page (title, description, keywords, author, viewport definition, description definition, character encoding).
  • utilizing this element improves visual accessibility on mobile and SEO.
    

• Title element (screen-reader):

  • Useful for screen readers to understand the content of a page.
  • Important for SEO.
    

• Semantic HTML Element:

  • Core part of accessibility.
  • screen readers rely on the provision of an acute structure of the page
  • Use semantic HTML elements (header, main, footer) to provide page structure.
  • Header element for page introduction and navigation menu.
    

• Nav Semantic Element:

  • Container for text links to different parts of the page.
    

• Section Semantic element:

  • this semantically separates parts of a webpage
  • it was used in this project to separate content within a form semantically.
    

• Footer/address Semantic Element:

  • Footer: Container for related content on the page.
  • Address: Container for contact information of the author.
    

• SVG images:

  • SVG images contain a path attribute, allowing scaling without affecting resolution.
    

• Aspect-ratio property:

  • Describes proportional relationship between width and height.
  • Preferred aspect ratio and default height.
  • aspect-ratio: auto|initial|inherit|revert|revert-layer|unset|
  • e.g aspect-ration: 35 /4;
    

• Max/min function:

  • Choose between values based on maximum/minimum.
    

• Max-width/min-width property :

  • Max-width: sets the maximum width that an element can have.
  • Min-width: when browser window is smaller than the min-width there would be an overflow.
    

• Role attribute:

  • Indicate the purpose of an element to assistive technologies.
  • Use preset values (e.g., region value on section element).
    

• Aria-labelledby attribute:

  • Labels a region.
  • Required for every region role.
  • it was used in this project to label each section of the form to assistive technologies.
    

• "Label element" to "input element" (for attribute):

  • Link each input to the corresponding label element for visual reference.
    

• Position property:

  • Specify positioning method for an element (absolute, relative, fixed, sticky, static ).
  • Top, bottom, left, and right properties defines the elements coordinates.
    they work differently depending on the positioning method used
    

• Positioning things on image:

  • Position text on an image using container and absolute positioning.
  • Reduce image opacity.

• Overflow property:

  • Control content that is too big to fit in an area.
  • Specify whether to clip or add scrollbars.
  • overflow: visible|hidden|scroll|auto
  • overflow-x: specifies what to do with the left/right edges of the content.
  • overflow-y: specifies what to do with the top/bottom edges of the content.
    

• Clip property:

  • Clip an absolutely positioned element using a rectangle.
  • the rectangele acts as a window, such that only through this rectangle, can you see the element.
  • the four coordinates of the rectangle is specified from the top-left corner.
  • for this property to be effective overflow should not be visible & position should be absolute

• White-space property:

  • Specify how white-space inside an element is handled.
  • Affects text behavior and wrapping.
  • white-space: normal|nowrap|pre|pre-line|pre-wrap|initial|inherit;

• Text only the Screen Reader can read:

  • Use CSS techniques to hide text visually but would still be accessible to screen readers.
  • make element absolutely positioned, a 1px by 1px size,
    hidden overflow, nowrap white space, a clip retangle of size 0 (rect(0,0,0,0) - no window)
    

• ::before, ::after pseudo-elements:

  • Insert generated content before/after an element.
    

• Content property:

  • Used with ::before, ::after pseudo-elements to insert generated content.
    

• Contrast (visual accessibility):

  • Measure contrast ratio between text/graphics and background color/image.

  • a white text on a white background has a contrast ration of 1. this is impossible to perceive

  • a black text on a white background has a contrast ratio of 21.

  • Aim for minimum contrast ratio of 4.5.

  • Any interactive component has different states.

  • for example hover, focus, active, unvisited, visited and deactivated.

  • remember to ensure that the states also have good contrast.

  • there are online tools to check the constrast ratio of 2 colors
    

• Cursor property:

  • Specify mouse cursor appearance when hovering over an element.
    

• Display: inline VS display: inline-block:

  • Inline-block allows setting width and height on the element.
  • Inline-block respects top/bottom margins/paddings.

• Display: block VS display: inline-block:

  • inline-block does not add a line-break after the element,
  • so the element can sit next to other elements.

• scroll-behaviour property:
  Clicking on the navigation links should jump
  the viewport to the relevant section.
  However, this jumping can be disorienting for some users.

  The scroll-behavior property specifies
  whether to smoothly animate the scroll position,
  instead of a straight jump,
  when the user clicks on a link within a scrollable box.
  By setting scroll-behavior: smooth
  
  

• Media-rule (prefers-reduced-motion):
  Setting the scroll-behavior to smooth is preferred by most users.
  However, some users find this to be too slow,
  they prefer to have the scrolling happen instantaneously.

  There exists a media rule to set CSS based on the user's browser settings called prefers-reduced-motion

  This accepts one of two values "reduce" & "no-preference"
  We can specify within a prefers-reduced-motion media rule whose user's browser setting is "no-preference" that the scroll-behaviour should be smooth. via @media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference)