simple_git_commands 👨‍🏫 👨‍💻

In this mini-article, my goal is to try to explain the git stages and the Git commands.
Perhaps, at least it might be easier to understand a specific command based where it is used.
 at the end of the day every developer must get good at git 💯.

History and Facts

• In 2005, Linus Torvalds created Git to address the shortcomings of existing version control systems used for the development of the Linux kernel.
• Git was designed to be a distributed version control system, allowing developers to work on a project independently, even without network access or a central server.
• Git gained popularity within the open-source community due to its speed, scalability, and ability to handle large codebases.

Good to remember :

• GitHub is a web-based platform that provides hosting for Git repositories and additional collaboration features

Why Do we use git ?

Collaboration:

• Git allows multiple developers to work on the same project simultaneously. It enables them to make changes to the codebase independently and merge their changes seamlessly.

Tracking Changes:

• Git tracks changes made to the codebase over time. It creates a snapshot of the code at each commit, allowing developers to view the history of changes and understand how the code has evolved. This helps in identifying and fixing bugs, reverting to previous versions if needed, and maintaining a clear record of development progress.

Code Integrity:

• With Git, each developer has their own local copy of the codebase. This means that even if someone makes a mistake or accidentally deletes something, the code can usually be restored from another copy.

Open Source Collaboration:

• Git is widely used in open source projects. Learning Git enables you to contribute to open source projects, collaborate with other developers, and leverage third-party libraries and frameworks.

Version Control Best Practices:

• Learning Git also introduces you to version control best practices, such as creating branches for new features or bug fixes, merging branches, resolving conflicts, and keeping a clean commit history

Getting & Creating Projects

Command	Description
git init	Initialize a local Git repository
git clone ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git	Create a local copy of a remote repository

Basic Snapshotting

Command	Description
git status	Check status
git add [file-name.txt]	Add a file to the staging area
git add -A	Add all new and changed files to the staging area
git commit -m "[commit message]"	Commit changes
git rm -r [file-name.txt]	Remove a file (or folder)

Branching & Merging

Command	Description
git branch	List branches (the asterisk denotes the current branch)
git branch -a	List all branches (local and remote)
git branch [branch name]	Create a new branch
git branch -d [branch name]	Delete a branch
git push origin --delete [branch name]	Delete a remote branch
git checkout -b [branch name]	Create a new branch and switch to it
git checkout -b [branch name] origin/[branch name]	Clone a remote branch and switch to it
git branch -m [old branch name] [new branch name]	Rename a local branch
git checkout [branch name]	Switch to a branch
git checkout -	Switch to the branch last checked out
git checkout -- [file-name.txt]	Discard changes to a file
git merge [branch name]	Merge a branch into the active branch
git merge [source branch] [target branch]	Merge a branch into a target branch
git stash	Stash changes in a dirty working directory
git stash clear	Remove all stashed entries

Sharing & Updating Projects

Command	Description
git push origin [branch name]	Push a branch to your remote repository
git push -u origin [branch name]	Push changes to remote repository (and remember the branch)
git push	Push changes to remote repository (remembered branch)
git push origin --delete [branch name]	Delete a remote branch
git pull	Update local repository to the newest commit
git pull origin [branch name]	Pull changes from remote repository
git remote add origin ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git	Add a remote repository
git remote set-url origin ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git	Set a repository's origin branch to SSH

Inspection & Comparison

Command	Description
git log	View changes
git log --summary	View changes (detailed)
git log --oneline	View changes (briefly)
git diff [source branch] [target branch]	Preview changes before merging

Git workflow 👨‍💻

Working directory

The actual file's states in the file system, they can be tracked or untracked, they can be changed or deleted.

Staging area

The area where we prepared a set of files for a new version based its changes.

HEAD

It's the pointer in the current branch, it has the complete repository history.

Remote Repo

In simple words its' just a space provided to share and collaborate your code with the community and frineds . 

Sources

• https://git-scm.com/
• https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/GitHub-Scripting-GitHub
• https://medium.com/@nadir.inab.dev/git-its-essential-commands-e2f56102b5ff

Versioning (Calver && Smever)

  Calver ==> Calendar 23-09

  Semver ==> Semantic verisoning 1.0.0 ==> 1.0.1 ==> 1.1.0 
  Backward Compatibilty . 
  Monkey patching
  

Good To Know

  git merge
  git rebase
  git squash
  

Conclusion

We have explored a wide range of Git commands essential for effective version control management and seamless code collaboration. Whether you’re an experienced developer or just starting out, So in order to master git the tricks here to use it.