ticdc: fix detecting kafka version (#11048)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #11048

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #11047

What is changed and how it works?

Expose requestVersion param and use the low version by default.
After getting version information, set kafka version as high as possible.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test

1. start cluster and Kafka (version=3.7.0)
2. create a changefeed with kafka protocol

bin/cdc cli changefeed create -c test --sink-uri "kafka://127.0.0.1:9092/test?topic=test&protocol=open-protocol&max-message-bytes=41943040&compressionType=ZLIB&kafka-version=0.11.0.0"

3. check CDC log

[WARN] [sarama.go:139] ["The Kafka version you assigned may not be correct. Please assign a version equal to or less than the specified version"] [assignedVersion=0.11.0.0] [desiredVersion=2.8.0]

note: The max Kafka version which sarama detects is v2.8.0.

kafka version	status
3.7.0	success
3.0.1	success
2.8.0	success
2.7.0	success
2.5.0	success
2.4.0	success
2.3.1	success
2.1.1	success
2.1.0	success
2.0.1	success
2.0.0	success
1.0.1	success
0.11.0	success

Questions

Will it cause performance regression or break compatibility?

Do you need to update user documentation, design documentation or monitoring documentation?

Release note

None

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: CharlesCheung96

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