snippets.md

Front page snippets for Carbon

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Quicksort

A sample of quicksort in Carbon.

package Sorting api;

fn Partition[T:! Comparable & Movable](s: Slice(T))
     -> i64 {
  var i: i64 = -1;

  for (e: T in s) {
    if (e <= s.Last()) {
      ++i;
      Swap(&s[i], &e);
    }
  }
  return i;
}

fn QuickSort[T:! Comparable & Movable](s: Slice(T)) {
  if (s.Size() <= 1) {
    return;
  }
  let p: i64 = Partition(s);
  QuickSort(s[:p - 1]);
  QuickSort(s[p + 1:]);
}

Carbon and C++

C++

// C++:
#include <math.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <span>
#include <vector>

struct Circle {
  float r;
};

void PrintTotalArea(std::span<Circle> circles) {
  float area = 0;
  for (const Circle& c : circles) {
    area += M_PI * c.r * c.r;
  }
  std::cout << "Total area: " << area << "\n";
}

auto main(int argc, char** argv) -> int {
  std::vector<Circle> circles = {{1.0}, {2.0}};
  // Implicitly constructors `span` from `vector`.
  PrintTotalArea(circles);
  return 0;
}

Carbon

// Carbon:
package Geometry api;
import Math;

class Circle {
  var r: f32;
}

fn PrintTotalArea(circles: Slice(Circle)) {
  var area: f32 = 0;
  for (c: Circle in circles) {
    area += Math.Pi * c.r * c.r;
  }
  Print("Total area: {0}", area);
}

fn Main() -> i32 {
  // A dynamically sized array, like `std::vector`.
  var circles: Array(Circle) = ({.r = 1.0}, {.r = 2.0});
  // Implicitly constructs `Slice` from `Array`.
  PrintTotalArea(circles);
  return 0;
}

Mixed

// C++ code used in both Carbon and C++:
struct Circle {
  float r;
};

// Carbon exposing a function for C++:
package Geometry api;
import Cpp library "circle.h";
import Math;

fn PrintTotalArea(circles: Slice(Cpp.Circle)) {
  var area: f32 = 0;
  for (c: Cpp.Circle in circles) {
    area += Math.Pi * c.r * c.r;
  }
  Print("Total area: {0}", area);
}

// C++ calling Carbon:
#include <vector>
#include "circle.h"
#include "geometry.carbon.h"

auto main(int argc, char** argv) -> int {
  std::vector<Circle> circles = {{1.0}, {2.0}};
  // Carbon's `Slice` supports implicit construction from `std::vector`,
  // similar to `std::span`.
  Geometry::PrintTotalArea(circles);
  return 0;
}