diff --git a/pkg/build/image/dockerfile.go b/pkg/build/image/dockerfile.go
index 0c4695fedb..dad63e8176 100644
--- a/pkg/build/image/dockerfile.go
+++ b/pkg/build/image/dockerfile.go
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func mapDockerfileToImagesSets(ctx context.Context, cfg *dockerfile.Dockerfile,
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to create image %q: %w", "test", err)
 		}
 
-		img.stages = append(img.stages, stage_instruction.NewRun(backend_instruction.NewRun(*dockerfile_instruction.NewRun([]string{"ls", "/"})), nil, false, &stage.BaseStageOptions{
+		img.stages = append(img.stages, stage_instruction.NewRun(backend_instruction.NewRun(*dockerfile_instruction.NewRun([]string{"ls", "/"}, nil, nil, false)), nil, false, &stage.BaseStageOptions{
 			ImageName:        img.Name,
 			ImageTmpDir:      img.TmpDir,
 			ContainerWerfDir: img.ContainerWerfDir,
diff --git a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/add.go b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/add.go
index 68a6dc3b84..62d8e0362a 100644
--- a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/add.go
+++ b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/add.go
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 package instruction
 
 type Add struct {
-	Src []string
-	Dst string
+	Src   []string
+	Dst   string
+	Chown string
+	Chmod string
 }
 
-func NewAdd(src []string, dst string) *Add {
-	return &Add{Src: src, Dst: dst}
+func NewAdd(src []string, dst, chown, chmod string) *Add {
+	return &Add{Src: src, Dst: dst, Chown: chown, Chmod: chmod}
 }
 
 func (i *Add) Name() string {
diff --git a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/arg.go b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/arg.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58b052f951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/arg.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package instruction
+
+import "github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/dockerfile/instructions"
+
+type Arg struct {
+	Args []instructions.KeyValuePairOptional
+}
+
+func NewArg(args []instructions.KeyValuePairOptional) *Arg {
+	return &Arg{Args: args}
+}
+
+func (i *Arg) Name() string {
+	return "ARG"
+}
diff --git a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/cmd.go b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/cmd.go
index e78818c354..1cc4d21b50 100644
--- a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/cmd.go
+++ b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/cmd.go
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 package instruction
 
 type Cmd struct {
-	Cmd []string
+	Cmd          []string
+	PrependShell bool
 }
 
-func NewCmd(cmd []string) *Cmd {
-	return &Cmd{Cmd: cmd}
+func NewCmd(cmd []string, prependShell bool) *Cmd {
+	return &Cmd{Cmd: cmd, PrependShell: prependShell}
 }
 
 func (i *Cmd) Name() string {
diff --git a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/copy.go b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/copy.go
index fd7863f77d..5a3ac4837c 100644
--- a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/copy.go
+++ b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/copy.go
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 package instruction
 
 type Copy struct {
-	From string
-	Src  []string
-	Dst  string
+	From  string
+	Src   []string
+	Dst   string
+	Chown string
+	Chmod string
 }
 
-func NewCopy(from string, src []string, dst string) *Copy {
-	return &Copy{From: from, Src: src, Dst: dst}
+func NewCopy(from string, src []string, dst, chown, chmod string) *Copy {
+	return &Copy{From: from, Src: src, Dst: dst, Chown: chown, Chmod: chmod}
 }
 
 func (i *Copy) Name() string {
diff --git a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/entrypoint.go b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/entrypoint.go
index 9744e056b9..f19f775cd9 100644
--- a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/entrypoint.go
+++ b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/entrypoint.go
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 package instruction
 
 type Entrypoint struct {
-	Entrypoint []string
+	Entrypoint   []string
+	PrependShell bool
 }
 
-func NewEntrypoint(entrypoint []string) *Entrypoint {
-	return &Entrypoint{Entrypoint: entrypoint}
+func NewEntrypoint(entrypoint []string, prependShell bool) *Entrypoint {
+	return &Entrypoint{Entrypoint: entrypoint, PrependShell: prependShell}
 }
 
 func (i *Entrypoint) Name() string {
diff --git a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/healthcheck.go b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/healthcheck.go
index d49794ed1c..b04547d82d 100644
--- a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/healthcheck.go
+++ b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/healthcheck.go
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package instruction
 
+import "github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+
 type Healthcheck struct {
-	Type    HealthcheckType
-	Command string
+	Type   HealthcheckType
+	Config *container.HealthConfig
 }
 
 type HealthcheckType string
@@ -12,3 +14,11 @@ var (
 	HealthcheckTypeCmd      HealthcheckType = "CMD"
 	HealthcheckTypeCmdShell HealthcheckType = "CMD-SHELL"
 )
+
+func NewHealthcheck(t HealthcheckType, cfg *container.HealthConfig) *Healthcheck {
+	return &Healthcheck{Type: t, Config: cfg}
+}
+
+func (i *Healthcheck) Name() string {
+	return "HEALTHCHECK"
+}
diff --git a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/maintainer.go b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/maintainer.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6a99eedfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/maintainer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package instruction
+
+type Maintainer struct {
+	Maintainer string
+}
+
+func (i *Maintainer) Name() string {
+	return "MAINTAINER"
+}
diff --git a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/run.go b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/run.go
index 04b1ae09c8..fba0419147 100644
--- a/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/run.go
+++ b/pkg/dockerfile/instruction/run.go
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 package instruction
 
+import "github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
+
 type Run struct {
-	Command []string
+	Command      []string
+	Args         []string      // runtime args like --security and --network
+	Mounts       []specs.Mount // structured --mount args
+	PrependShell bool
 }
 
-func NewRun(command []string) *Run {
-	return &Run{Command: command}
+func NewRun(command, args []string, mounts []specs.Mount, prependShell bool) *Run {
+	return &Run{Command: command, Args: args, Mounts: mounts, PrependShell: prependShell}
 }
 
 func (i *Run) Name() string {