Python101.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Fundamentos de Python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Los espacios en blanco son importantes\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lista_de_numeros = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n",
    "\n",
    "for numero in lista_de_numeros:\n",
    "    print(numero)\n",
    "    if (numero % 2 == 0):\n",
    "        print(\"es par\")\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(\"es impar\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "print (\"Terminado.\")\n",
    "        "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Importación de Módulos"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "A = np.random.normal(25.0, 5.0, 10)\n",
    "print (A)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Listas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n",
    "print(len(x))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x[:3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x[3:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x[-2:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x.extend([7,8])\n",
    "x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x.append(9)\n",
    "x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "y = [10, 11, 12]\n",
    "lista_de_listas = [x, y]\n",
    "lista_de_listas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "y[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "z = [3, 2, 1]\n",
    "z.sort()\n",
    "z"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "z.sort(reverse=True)\n",
    "z"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Tuplas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#  Las Tuplas no son mas que listas inmutables. Utilizan () en vez de []\n",
    "x = (1, 2, 3)\n",
    "len(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "y = (4, 5, 6)\n",
    "y[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lista_de_tuplas = [x, y]\n",
    "lista_de_tuplas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "(edad, ingresos) = \"32,120000\".split(',')\n",
    "print(edad)\n",
    "print(ingresos)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Diccionarios"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Son como los mapas o tablas \"hash\" en otros lenguajes\n",
    "capitanes = {}\n",
    "capitanes[\"Enterprise\"] = \"Kirk\"\n",
    "capitanes[\"Enterprise D\"] = \"Picard\"\n",
    "capitanes[\"Deep Space Nine\"] = \"Sisko\"\n",
    "capitanes[\"Voyager\"] = \"Janeway\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(capitanes[\"Voyager\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(capitanes.get(\"Enterprise\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(capitanes.get(\"NX-01\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for nave in capitanes:\n",
    "    print(nave + \": \" + capitanes[nave])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Expresiones Booleanas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(1 == 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(True or False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(1 is 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "if 1 is 3:\n",
    "    print(\"Cómo ocurrió esto?\")\n",
    "elif 1 > 3:\n",
    "    print(\"Diablos\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"Todo está bien en el mundo\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Iteraciones o repeticiones (Looping)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for x in range(10):\n",
    "    print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for x in range(10):\n",
    "    if (x is 1):\n",
    "        continue\n",
    "    if (x > 5):\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = 0\n",
    "while (x < 10):\n",
    "    print(x)\n",
    "    x += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Actividad"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Escriba código que crea una lista de enteros, recorre por cada elemento de la lista, y solo imprime los números pares!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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