NSI prem TP2 codage caractère1.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "# TP -  Codage des caractères (1)"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "Nom :\n",
    "\n",
    "Classe :"
   ]
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  {
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   "source": [
    "Effectuer une recherche, pour donner une définition du code ASCII, une table de conversion.\n",
    "Qu'est ce que l'unicode?\n",
    "Pourquoi utilise-t-on l'unicode de nos jours?\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "Stockez vos réponses dans un fichier nommé \"codage des caractères\" sur votre clé USB."
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Rappel Python\n",
    "\n",
    "**Faire afficher le code ASCII d'un caractère**\n",
    "\n",
    "l'instruction Python pour faire afficher le code ASCII d'un caractère est :\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "# pour le caractère \"A\"\n",
    "ord(\"A\")\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "print(ord(\"A\"))"
   ]
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    "**À l'inverse :**\n",
    "\n",
    "le code :\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "chr(65)\n",
    "```\n",
    "renvoie le caractère\n",
    "\n"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "print(chr(65))"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Quelques manipulations\n",
    "\n",
    "* **Accès aux lettres d'une chaîne de caractères**\n",
    "\n",
    "Pour accéder aux lettres d'une chaîne de caractères, on procède ainsi :\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "chaine=\"ceci est une chaîne de caractères\"\n",
    "for lettre in chaine:\n",
    "  print(lettre)\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "###À faire:\n",
    "**Tester ce code**"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "#Écrire le code ici"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "* **Stocker les lettres dans une liste**\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "chaine=\"ceci est une chaîne de caractères\"\n",
    "liste=list(chaine)\n",
    "```\n",
    "###À faire:\n",
    "**Tester ce code**"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "#Écrire le code ici"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "* **Stocker les codes Ascii des caractères d'une chaîne dans une liste**\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "chaine=\"ceci est une chaîne de caractères\"\n",
    "liste=[]\n",
    "for lettre in chaine:\n",
    "  liste.append(ord(lettre))\n",
    " print(liste)\n",
    "```\n",
    "###À faire\n",
    "**Tester ce code**\n"
   ]
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    "#Écrire le code ici\n",
    "\n"
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   "source": [
    "* **Reconstituer le texte à partir de la liste de code ASCII**\n",
    "\n",
    "Tester le code ci-dessous"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "\n",
    "chaine=\"ceci est une chaîne de caractères\"\n",
    "liste=[]\n",
    "for lettre in chaine:\n",
    "  liste.append(ord(lettre))\n",
    "print(liste)\n",
    "phrase=\"\"\n",
    "for lettre in liste:\n",
    "  phrase=phrase+chr(lettre)\n",
    "print(phrase)"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "# Objectif\n",
    "\n",
    "**Réaliser une fonction qui renvoie en majuscule le texte : \" ceci est une phrase simple\" passé en paramètre.**\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "**Un constat :**\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "print(ord(\"a\"))\n",
    "print(ord(\"A\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "print(ord(\"z\"))\n",
    "print(ord(\"Z\"))\n",
    "```\n",
    "renvoie :\n",
    "\n",
    "97\n",
    "\n",
    "65\n",
    "\n",
    "122\n",
    "\n",
    "90\n",
    "\n",
    "Soit $32$ de différence\n",
    "\n",
    "**Il faudra tester si la lettre n'est pas un espace...**\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "    if lettre!=\" \":\n",
    "      ajouter le code ascii diminué de 32 à la liste\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "      simplement mettre le code ascii de l'espace dans la liste\n",
    "```\n",
    " le rendu attendu :\n",
    " \n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "print(majuscule(\"ceci est une phrase simple\"))\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "affichage :  CECI EST UNE PHRASE SIMPLE"
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   "source": [
    "'''\n",
    "fonction qui retourne le texte \n",
    "en majuscule\n",
    "passé en paramètre\n",
    "\n",
    "'''\n",
    "\n",
    "def majuscule(phrase):\n",
    "  \n",
    "  # à compléter\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "print(majuscule(\"ceci est une phrase simple\"))"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "### Remarque:\n",
    "**Il existe une méthode spécifique pour mettre en majuscule:**\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "phrase=\"Ceci est une chaîne de caractères\"\n",
    "print(phrase.upper())\n",
    "```\n",
    " **Code à tester**\n"
   ]
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     "text": [
      "CECI EST UNE CHAÎNE DE CARACTÈRES\n"
     ]
    }
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   "source": [
    "phrase=\"Ceci est une chaîne de caractères\"\n",
    "print(phrase.upper())"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "**Comme vous le constatez, cette méthode tient compte des caractères accentués**\n",
    "\n",
    "Nous allons rechercer les codes ASCII des caractères accentués et de leur majuscule associée\n",
    "\n"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "car=\"à\"\n",
    "print(ord(car))\n",
    "print(ord(car.upper()))\n",
    "\n",
    "car=\"ç\"\n",
    "print(ord(car))\n",
    "print(ord(car.upper()))\n",
    "\n",
    "#etc.."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "colab_type": "text",
    "id": "AahDKrnj3-k8"
   },
   "source": [
    "**Question :** Quelle différence y-a-t'il entre une lettre accentuée et sa majuscule ?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   },
   "source": [
    "Répondre ici :"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "### À faire\n",
    "**Reprendre le programme de la cellule 6 et le tester avec une phrase contenant des lettres accentuées**"
   ]
  },
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Écrire le code ici\n",
    "  "
   ]
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