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<p>Tutorials on the scientific Python ecosystem: a quick introduction to
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/index.html">1. Getting started with Python for science</a><ul>
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</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/python_language.html">1.2. The Python language</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/first_steps.html">1.2.1. First steps</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/basic_types.html">1.2.2. Basic types</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/basic_types.html#numerical-types">1.2.2.1. Numerical types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/basic_types.html#containers">1.2.2.2. Containers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/basic_types.html#lists">Lists</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/basic_types.html#strings">Strings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/basic_types.html#dictionaries">Dictionaries</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/basic_types.html#more-container-types">More container types</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/basic_types.html#assignment-operator">1.2.2.3. Assignment operator</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/control_flow.html">1.2.3. Control Flow</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/control_flow.html#if-elif-else">1.2.3.1. if/elif/else</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/control_flow.html#for-range">1.2.3.2. for/range</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/control_flow.html#while-break-continue">1.2.3.3. while/break/continue</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/control_flow.html#conditional-expressions">1.2.3.4. Conditional Expressions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/control_flow.html#advanced-iteration">1.2.3.5. Advanced iteration</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/control_flow.html#iterate-over-any-sequence">Iterate over any <em>sequence</em></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/control_flow.html#keeping-track-of-enumeration-number">Keeping track of enumeration number</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/control_flow.html#looping-over-a-dictionary">Looping over a dictionary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/control_flow.html#list-comprehensions">1.2.3.6. List Comprehensions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/functions.html">1.2.4. Defining functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/functions.html#function-definition">1.2.4.1. Function definition</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/functions.html#return-statement">1.2.4.2. Return statement</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/functions.html#parameters">1.2.4.3. Parameters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/functions.html#passing-by-value">1.2.4.4. Passing by value</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/functions.html#global-variables">1.2.4.5. Global variables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/functions.html#variable-number-of-parameters">1.2.4.6. Variable number of parameters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/functions.html#docstrings">1.2.4.7. Docstrings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/functions.html#functions-are-objects">1.2.4.8. Functions are objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/functions.html#methods">1.2.4.9. Methods</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/functions.html#exercises">1.2.4.10. Exercises</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/reusing_code.html">1.2.5. Reusing code: scripts and modules</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/reusing_code.html#scripts">1.2.5.1. Scripts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/reusing_code.html#importing-objects-from-modules">1.2.5.2. Importing objects from modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/reusing_code.html#creating-modules">1.2.5.3. Creating modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/reusing_code.html#main-and-module-loading">1.2.5.4. ‘__main__’ and module loading</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/reusing_code.html#scripts-or-modules-how-to-organize-your-code">1.2.5.5. Scripts or modules? How to organize your code</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/reusing_code.html#how-modules-are-found-and-imported">How modules are found and imported</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/reusing_code.html#packages">1.2.5.6. Packages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/reusing_code.html#good-practices">1.2.5.7. Good practices</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/io.html">1.2.6. Input and Output</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/io.html#iterating-over-a-file">1.2.6.1. Iterating over a file</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/io.html#file-modes">File modes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/standard_library.html">1.2.7. Standard Library</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/standard_library.html#os-module-operating-system-functionality">1.2.7.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code> module: operating system functionality</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/standard_library.html#directory-and-file-manipulation">Directory and file manipulation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/standard_library.html#os-path-path-manipulations"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path</span></code>: path manipulations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/standard_library.html#running-an-external-command">Running an external command</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/standard_library.html#walking-a-directory">Walking a directory</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/standard_library.html#environment-variables">Environment variables:</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/standard_library.html#shutil-high-level-file-operations">1.2.7.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shutil</span></code>: high-level file operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/standard_library.html#glob-pattern-matching-on-files">1.2.7.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">glob</span></code>: Pattern matching on files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/standard_library.html#sys-module-system-specific-information">1.2.7.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys</span></code> module: system-specific information</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/standard_library.html#pickle-easy-persistence">1.2.7.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickle</span></code>: easy persistence</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/exceptions.html">1.2.8. Exception handling in Python</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/exceptions.html#exceptions">1.2.8.1. Exceptions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/exceptions.html#catching-exceptions">1.2.8.2. Catching exceptions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/exceptions.html#try-except">try/except</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/exceptions.html#try-finally">try/finally</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/exceptions.html#easier-to-ask-for-forgiveness-than-for-permission">Easier to ask for forgiveness than for permission</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/exceptions.html#raising-exceptions">1.2.8.3. Raising exceptions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/language/oop.html">1.2.9. Object-oriented programming (OOP)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/python_2_python_3.html">1.3. Python 2 and Python 3</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/python_2_python_3.html#a-very-short-summary">1.3.1. A very short summary</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/python_2_python_3.html#breaking-changes-between-python-2-and-python-3">1.3.2. Breaking changes between Python 2 and Python 3</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/python_2_python_3.html#print-function">1.3.2.1. Print function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/python_2_python_3.html#division">1.3.2.2. Division</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/python_2_python_3.html#some-new-features-in-python-3">1.3.3. Some new features in Python 3</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/index.html">1.4. NumPy: creating and manipulating numerical data</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html">1.4.1. The NumPy array object</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#what-are-numpy-and-numpy-arrays">1.4.1.1. What are NumPy and NumPy arrays?</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#numpy-arrays">NumPy arrays</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#numpy-reference-documentation">NumPy Reference documentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#import-conventions">Import conventions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#creating-arrays">1.4.1.2. Creating arrays</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#manual-construction-of-arrays">Manual construction of arrays</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#functions-for-creating-arrays">Functions for creating arrays</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#basic-data-types">1.4.1.3. Basic data types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#basic-visualization">1.4.1.4. Basic visualization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#indexing-and-slicing">1.4.1.5. Indexing and slicing</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#copies-and-views">1.4.1.6. Copies and views</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#fancy-indexing">1.4.1.7. Fancy indexing</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#using-boolean-masks">Using boolean masks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/array_object.html#indexing-with-an-array-of-integers">Indexing with an array of integers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html">1.4.2. Numerical operations on arrays</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#elementwise-operations">1.4.2.1. Elementwise operations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#basic-operations">Basic operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#other-operations">Other operations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#basic-reductions">1.4.2.2. Basic reductions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#computing-sums">Computing sums</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#other-reductions">Other reductions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#broadcasting">1.4.2.3. Broadcasting</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#array-shape-manipulation">1.4.2.4. Array shape manipulation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#flattening">Flattening</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#reshaping">Reshaping</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#adding-a-dimension">Adding a dimension</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#dimension-shuffling">Dimension shuffling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#resizing">Resizing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#sorting-data">1.4.2.5. Sorting data</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/operations.html#summary">1.4.2.6. Summary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/elaborate_arrays.html">1.4.3. More elaborate arrays</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/elaborate_arrays.html#more-data-types">1.4.3.1. More data types</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/elaborate_arrays.html#casting">Casting</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/elaborate_arrays.html#different-data-type-sizes">Different data type sizes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/elaborate_arrays.html#structured-data-types">1.4.3.2. Structured data types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/elaborate_arrays.html#maskedarray-dealing-with-propagation-of-missing-data">1.4.3.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maskedarray</span></code>: dealing with (propagation of) missing data</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/advanced_operations.html">1.4.4. Advanced operations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/advanced_operations.html#polynomials">1.4.4.1. Polynomials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/advanced_operations.html#more-polynomials-with-more-bases">More polynomials (with more bases)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/advanced_operations.html#loading-data-files">1.4.4.2. Loading data files</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/advanced_operations.html#text-files">Text files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/advanced_operations.html#images">Images</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/advanced_operations.html#numpy-s-own-format">NumPy’s own format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/advanced_operations.html#well-known-more-obscure-file-formats">Well-known (& more obscure) file formats</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/exercises.html">1.4.5. Some exercises</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/exercises.html#array-manipulations">1.4.5.1. Array manipulations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/exercises.html#picture-manipulation-framing-a-face">1.4.5.2. Picture manipulation: Framing a Face</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/exercises.html#data-statistics">1.4.5.3. Data statistics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/exercises.html#crude-integral-approximations">1.4.5.4. Crude integral approximations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/exercises.html#mandelbrot-set">1.4.5.5. Mandelbrot set</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/exercises.html#markov-chain">1.4.5.6. Markov chain</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/gallery.html">1.4.6. Full code examples</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/numpy/gallery.html#full-code-examples-for-the-numpy-chapter">1.4.6.1. Full code examples for the numpy chapter</a><ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html">1.5. Matplotlib: plotting</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#introduction">1.5.1. Introduction</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#ipython-jupyter-and-matplotlib-modes">1.5.1.1. IPython, Jupyter, and matplotlib modes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#pyplot">1.5.1.2. pyplot</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#simple-plot">1.5.2. Simple plot</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#plotting-with-default-settings">1.5.2.1. Plotting with default settings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#instantiating-defaults">1.5.2.2. Instantiating defaults</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#changing-colors-and-line-widths">1.5.2.3. Changing colors and line widths</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#setting-limits">1.5.2.4. Setting limits</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#setting-ticks">1.5.2.5. Setting ticks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#setting-tick-labels">1.5.2.6. Setting tick labels</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#moving-spines">1.5.2.7. Moving spines</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#adding-a-legend">1.5.2.8. Adding a legend</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#annotate-some-points">1.5.2.9. Annotate some points</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#devil-is-in-the-details">1.5.2.10. Devil is in the details</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#figures-subplots-axes-and-ticks">1.5.3. Figures, Subplots, Axes and Ticks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#figures">1.5.3.1. Figures</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#subplots">1.5.3.2. Subplots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#axes">1.5.3.3. Axes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#ticks">1.5.3.4. Ticks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#tick-locators">Tick Locators</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#other-types-of-plots-examples-and-exercises">1.5.4. Other Types of Plots: examples and exercises</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#regular-plots">1.5.4.1. Regular Plots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#scatter-plots">1.5.4.2. Scatter Plots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#bar-plots">1.5.4.3. Bar Plots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#contour-plots">1.5.4.4. Contour Plots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#imshow">1.5.4.5. Imshow</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#pie-charts">1.5.4.6. Pie Charts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#quiver-plots">1.5.4.7. Quiver Plots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#grids">1.5.4.8. Grids</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#multi-plots">1.5.4.9. Multi Plots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#polar-axis">1.5.4.10. Polar Axis</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#d-plots">1.5.4.11. 3D Plots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#text">1.5.4.12. Text</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#beyond-this-tutorial">1.5.5. Beyond this tutorial</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#tutorials">1.5.5.1. Tutorials</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#matplotlib-documentation">1.5.5.2. Matplotlib documentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#code-documentation">1.5.5.3. Code documentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#galleries">1.5.5.4. Galleries</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#mailing-lists">1.5.5.5. Mailing lists</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#quick-references">1.5.6. Quick references</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#line-properties">1.5.6.1. Line properties</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#line-styles">1.5.6.2. Line styles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#markers">1.5.6.3. Markers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#colormaps">1.5.6.4. Colormaps</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#full-code-examples">1.5.7. Full code examples</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#code-samples-for-matplotlib">1.5.7.1. Code samples for Matplotlib</a><ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#code-for-the-chapter-s-exercises">1.5.7.2. Code for the chapter’s exercises</a><ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#example-demoing-choices-for-an-option">1.5.7.3. Example demoing choices for an option</a><ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/matplotlib/index.html#code-generating-the-summary-figures-with-a-title">1.5.7.4. Code generating the summary figures with a title</a><ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html">1.6. Scipy : high-level scientific computing</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#file-input-output-scipy-io">1.6.1. File input/output: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scipy.io</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#special-functions-scipy-special">1.6.2. Special functions: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scipy.special</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#linear-algebra-operations-scipy-linalg">1.6.3. Linear algebra operations: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scipy.linalg</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#interpolation-scipy-interpolate">1.6.4. Interpolation: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scipy.interpolate</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#optimization-and-fit-scipy-optimize">1.6.5. Optimization and fit: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scipy.optimize</span></code></a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#curve-fitting">1.6.5.1. Curve fitting</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#finding-the-minimum-of-a-scalar-function">1.6.5.2. Finding the minimum of a scalar function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#finding-the-roots-of-a-scalar-function">1.6.5.3. Finding the roots of a scalar function</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#statistics-and-random-numbers-scipy-stats">1.6.6. Statistics and random numbers: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scipy.stats</span></code></a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#distributions-histogram-and-probability-density-function">1.6.6.1. Distributions: histogram and probability density function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#mean-median-and-percentiles">1.6.6.2. Mean, median and percentiles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#statistical-tests">1.6.6.3. Statistical tests</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#numerical-integration-scipy-integrate">1.6.7. Numerical integration: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scipy.integrate</span></code></a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#function-integrals">1.6.7.1. Function integrals</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#integrating-differential-equations">1.6.7.2. Integrating differential equations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#fast-fourier-transforms-scipy-fftpack">1.6.8. Fast Fourier transforms: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scipy.fftpack</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#signal-processing-scipy-signal">1.6.9. Signal processing: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scipy.signal</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#image-manipulation-scipy-ndimage">1.6.10. Image manipulation: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scipy.ndimage</span></code></a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#geometrical-transformations-on-images">1.6.10.1. Geometrical transformations on images</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#image-filtering">1.6.10.2. Image filtering</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#mathematical-morphology">1.6.10.3. Mathematical morphology</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#connected-components-and-measurements-on-images">1.6.10.4. Connected components and measurements on images</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#summary-exercises-on-scientific-computing">1.6.11. Summary exercises on scientific computing</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/stats-interpolate.html">1.6.11.1. Maximum wind speed prediction at the Sprogø station</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/stats-interpolate.html#statistical-approach">Statistical approach</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/stats-interpolate.html#computing-the-cumulative-probabilities">Computing the cumulative probabilities</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/stats-interpolate.html#prediction-with-univariatespline">Prediction with UnivariateSpline</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/stats-interpolate.html#exercise-with-the-gumbell-distribution">Exercise with the Gumbell distribution</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/optimize-fit.html">1.6.11.2. Non linear least squares curve fitting: application to point extraction in topographical lidar data</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/optimize-fit.html#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/optimize-fit.html#loading-and-visualization">Loading and visualization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/optimize-fit.html#fitting-a-waveform-with-a-simple-gaussian-model">Fitting a waveform with a simple Gaussian model</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/optimize-fit.html#model">Model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/optimize-fit.html#initial-solution">Initial solution</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/optimize-fit.html#fit">Fit</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/optimize-fit.html#going-further">Going further</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/image-processing.html">1.6.11.3. Image processing application: counting bubbles and unmolten grains</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/image-processing.html#statement-of-the-problem">Statement of the problem</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/summary-exercises/answers_image_processing.html">1.6.11.4. Example of solution for the image processing exercise: unmolten grains in glass</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#full-code-examples-for-the-scipy-chapter">1.6.12. Full code examples for the scipy chapter</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/scipy.html#solutions-of-the-exercises-for-scipy">1.6.12.18. Solutions of the exercises for scipy</a><ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="intro/help/help.html">1.7. Getting help and finding documentation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/index.html">2. Advanced topics</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html">2.1. Advanced Python Constructs</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#iterators-generator-expressions-and-generators">2.1.1. Iterators, generator expressions and generators</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#iterators">2.1.1.1. Iterators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#generator-expressions">2.1.1.2. Generator expressions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#generators">2.1.1.3. Generators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#bidirectional-communication">2.1.1.4. Bidirectional communication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#chaining-generators">2.1.1.5. Chaining generators</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#decorators">2.1.2. Decorators</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#replacing-or-tweaking-the-original-object">2.1.2.1. Replacing or tweaking the original object</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#decorators-implemented-as-classes-and-as-functions">2.1.2.2. Decorators implemented as classes and as functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#copying-the-docstring-and-other-attributes-of-the-original-function">2.1.2.3. Copying the docstring and other attributes of the original function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#examples-in-the-standard-library">2.1.2.4. Examples in the standard library</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#deprecation-of-functions">2.1.2.5. Deprecation of functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#a-while-loop-removing-decorator">2.1.2.6. A <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">while</span></code>-loop removing decorator</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#a-plugin-registration-system">2.1.2.7. A plugin registration system</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#context-managers">2.1.3. Context managers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#catching-exceptions">2.1.3.1. Catching exceptions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_python/index.html#using-generators-to-define-context-managers">2.1.3.2. Using generators to define context managers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html">2.2. Advanced NumPy</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#life-of-ndarray">2.2.1. Life of ndarray</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#it-s">2.2.1.1. It’s…</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#block-of-memory">2.2.1.2. Block of memory</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#data-types">2.2.1.3. Data types</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#the-descriptor">The descriptor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#example-reading-wav-files">Example: reading <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.wav</span></code> files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#casting-and-re-interpretation-views">Casting and re-interpretation/views</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#casting">Casting</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#re-interpretation-viewing">Re-interpretation / viewing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#indexing-scheme-strides">2.2.1.4. Indexing scheme: strides</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#main-point">Main point</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#c-and-fortran-order">C and Fortran order</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#slicing-with-integers">Slicing with integers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#example-fake-dimensions-with-strides">Example: fake dimensions with strides</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#more-tricks-diagonals">More tricks: diagonals</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#cpu-cache-effects">CPU cache effects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#findings-in-dissection">2.2.1.5. Findings in dissection</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#universal-functions">2.2.2. Universal functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#what-they-are">2.2.2.1. What they are?</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#parts-of-an-ufunc">Parts of an Ufunc</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#making-it-easier">Making it easier</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#exercise-building-an-ufunc-from-scratch">2.2.2.2. Exercise: building an ufunc from scratch</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#solution-building-an-ufunc-from-scratch">2.2.2.3. Solution: building an ufunc from scratch</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#generalized-ufuncs">2.2.2.4. Generalized ufuncs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#interoperability-features">2.2.3. Interoperability features</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#sharing-multidimensional-typed-data">2.2.3.1. Sharing multidimensional, typed data</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#the-old-buffer-protocol">2.2.3.2. The old buffer protocol</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#id2">2.2.3.3. The old buffer protocol</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#array-interface-protocol">2.2.3.4. Array interface protocol</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#array-siblings-chararray-maskedarray-matrix">2.2.4. Array siblings: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chararray</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maskedarray</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matrix</span></code></a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#chararray-vectorized-string-operations">2.2.4.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chararray</span></code>: vectorized string operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#masked-array-missing-data">2.2.4.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">masked_array</span></code> missing data</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#the-mask">The mask</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#domain-aware-functions">Domain-aware functions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#recarray-purely-convenience">2.2.4.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">recarray</span></code>: purely convenience</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#matrix-convenience">2.2.4.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matrix</span></code>: convenience?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#summary">2.2.5. Summary</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#contributing-to-numpy-scipy">2.2.6. Contributing to NumPy/Scipy</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#why">2.2.6.1. Why</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#reporting-bugs">2.2.6.2. Reporting bugs</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#good-bug-report">Good bug report</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#contributing-to-documentation">2.2.6.3. Contributing to documentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#contributing-features">2.2.6.4. Contributing features</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/advanced_numpy/index.html#how-to-help-in-general">2.2.6.5. How to help, in general</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html">2.3. Debugging code</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#avoiding-bugs">2.3.1. Avoiding bugs</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#coding-best-practices-to-avoid-getting-in-trouble">2.3.1.1. Coding best practices to avoid getting in trouble</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#pyflakes-fast-static-analysis">2.3.1.2. pyflakes: fast static analysis</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#running-pyflakes-on-the-current-edited-file">Running pyflakes on the current edited file</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#a-type-as-go-spell-checker-like-integration">A type-as-go spell-checker like integration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#debugging-workflow">2.3.2. Debugging workflow</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#using-the-python-debugger">2.3.3. Using the Python debugger</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#invoking-the-debugger">2.3.3.1. Invoking the debugger</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#postmortem">Postmortem</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#step-by-step-execution">Step-by-step execution</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#other-ways-of-starting-a-debugger">Other ways of starting a debugger</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#debugger-commands-and-interaction">2.3.3.2. Debugger commands and interaction</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#getting-help-when-in-the-debugger">Getting help when in the debugger</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/debugging/index.html#debugging-segmentation-faults-using-gdb">2.3.4. Debugging segmentation faults using gdb</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/optimizing/index.html">2.4. Optimizing code</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/optimizing/index.html#optimization-workflow">2.4.1. Optimization workflow</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/optimizing/index.html#profiling-python-code">2.4.2. Profiling Python code</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/optimizing/index.html#timeit">2.4.2.1. Timeit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/optimizing/index.html#profiler">2.4.2.2. Profiler</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/optimizing/index.html#id1">2.4.2.3. Line-profiler</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/optimizing/index.html#making-code-go-faster">2.4.3. Making code go faster</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/optimizing/index.html#algorithmic-optimization">2.4.3.1. Algorithmic optimization</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/optimizing/index.html#example-of-the-svd">Example of the SVD</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/optimizing/index.html#writing-faster-numerical-code">2.4.4. Writing faster numerical code</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/optimizing/index.html#additional-links">2.4.4.1. Additional Links</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/index.html">2.5. Sparse Matrices in SciPy</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/introduction.html">2.5.1. Introduction</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/introduction.html#why-sparse-matrices">2.5.1.1. Why Sparse Matrices?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/introduction.html#sparse-matrices-vs-sparse-matrix-storage-schemes">2.5.1.2. Sparse Matrices vs. Sparse Matrix Storage Schemes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/introduction.html#typical-applications">2.5.1.3. Typical Applications</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/introduction.html#prerequisites">2.5.1.4. Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/introduction.html#sparsity-structure-visualization">2.5.1.5. Sparsity Structure Visualization</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/storage_schemes.html">2.5.2. Storage Schemes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/storage_schemes.html#common-methods">2.5.2.1. Common Methods</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/storage_schemes.html#sparse-matrix-classes">2.5.2.2. Sparse Matrix Classes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/dia_matrix.html">Diagonal Format (DIA)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/dia_matrix.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/lil_matrix.html">List of Lists Format (LIL)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/lil_matrix.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/dok_matrix.html">Dictionary of Keys Format (DOK)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/dok_matrix.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/coo_matrix.html">Coordinate Format (COO)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/coo_matrix.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/csr_matrix.html">Compressed Sparse Row Format (CSR)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/csr_matrix.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/csc_matrix.html">Compressed Sparse Column Format (CSC)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/csc_matrix.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/bsr_matrix.html">Block Compressed Row Format (BSR)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/bsr_matrix.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/storage_schemes.html#summary">2.5.2.3. Summary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/solvers.html">2.5.3. Linear System Solvers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/solvers.html#sparse-direct-solvers">2.5.3.1. Sparse Direct Solvers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/solvers.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/solvers.html#iterative-solvers">2.5.3.2. Iterative Solvers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/solvers.html#common-parameters">Common Parameters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/solvers.html#linearoperator-class">LinearOperator Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/solvers.html#a-few-notes-on-preconditioning">A Few Notes on Preconditioning</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/solvers.html#eigenvalue-problem-solvers">2.5.3.3. Eigenvalue Problem Solvers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/solvers.html#the-eigen-module">The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eigen</span></code> module</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/scipy_sparse/other_packages.html">2.5.4. Other Interesting Packages</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html">2.6. Image manipulation and processing using Numpy and Scipy</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#opening-and-writing-to-image-files">2.6.1. Opening and writing to image files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#displaying-images">2.6.2. Displaying images</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#basic-manipulations">2.6.3. Basic manipulations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#statistical-information">2.6.3.1. Statistical information</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#geometrical-transformations">2.6.3.2. Geometrical transformations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#image-filtering">2.6.4. Image filtering</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#blurring-smoothing">2.6.4.1. Blurring/smoothing</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#sharpening">2.6.4.2. Sharpening</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#denoising">2.6.4.3. Denoising</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#mathematical-morphology">2.6.4.4. Mathematical morphology</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#feature-extraction">2.6.5. Feature extraction</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#edge-detection">2.6.5.1. Edge detection</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#segmentation">2.6.5.2. Segmentation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#measuring-objects-properties-ndimage-measurements">2.6.6. Measuring objects properties: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndimage.measurements</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#full-code-examples">2.6.7. Full code examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/image_processing/index.html#examples-for-the-image-processing-chapter">2.6.8. Examples for the image processing chapter</a><ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html">2.7. Mathematical optimization: finding minima of functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html#knowing-your-problem">2.7.1. Knowing your problem</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html#convex-versus-non-convex-optimization">2.7.1.1. Convex versus non-convex optimization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html#smooth-and-non-smooth-problems">2.7.1.2. Smooth and non-smooth problems</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html#noisy-versus-exact-cost-functions">2.7.1.3. Noisy versus exact cost functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html#constraints">2.7.1.4. Constraints</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html#a-review-of-the-different-optimizers">2.7.2. A review of the different optimizers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html#getting-started-1d-optimization">2.7.2.1. Getting started: 1D optimization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html#gradient-based-methods">2.7.2.2. Gradient based methods</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html#some-intuitions-about-gradient-descent">Some intuitions about gradient descent</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html#conjugate-gradient-descent">Conjugate gradient descent</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html#newton-and-quasi-newton-methods">2.7.2.3. Newton and quasi-newton methods</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="advanced/mathematical_optimization/index.html#newton-methods-using-the-hessian-2nd-differential">Newton methods: using the Hessian (2nd differential)</a></li>