c07-python-kontrola-przeplywu-lekcja.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Kontrola przepływu"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Operatory"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Operatory warunkowe\n",
    "\n",
    "* `==` - czy równe wartości\n",
    "* `!=` - czy różne wartości\n",
    "* `>=`, `>`, `<=`, `<` - porównanie wartości"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "10 <= 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 2\n",
    "y = 10\n",
    "\n",
    "x > y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Podaj x: 2\n",
      "Podaj y: 10\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = input('Podaj x: ')\n",
    "y = input('Podaj y: ')\n",
    "\n",
    "x = int(x)\n",
    "y = int(y)\n",
    "\n",
    "x > y "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Operatory przynależności\n",
    "\n",
    "* `in` - czy znajduje się w...\n",
    "* `not in` - czy nie znajduje się w...\n",
    "* O(n) - `in str`\n",
    "* O(n) - `in list`\n",
    "* O(n) - `in tuple`\n",
    "* O(1) - `in set`\n",
    "* O(1) - `in frozenset`\n",
    "* O(1) - `in dict`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = [1, [2,3] ]\n",
    "\n",
    "2 in data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[2, 3] in data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'x' in 'Python'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'Py' in 'Python'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'py' not in 'Python'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "jest\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "gatunek = 'setosa'\n",
    "gatunki = {'setosa', 'versicolor'}\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "if gatunek in gatunki:\n",
    "    print('jest')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('nie jest')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Negatywne wartości\n",
    "\n",
    "* empty `bool()` lub `False`\n",
    "* empty `int()` lub `0`\n",
    "* empty `float()` lub `0.0`\n",
    "* empty `complex()` lub `0+0j` lub `0.0+0.0j`\n",
    "* empty `str()` lub `''`\n",
    "* empty `tuple()` lub `()`\n",
    "* empty `list()` lub `[]`\n",
    "* empty `set()`\n",
    "* empty `frozenset()`\n",
    "* empty `dict()` lub `{}`\n",
    "* `None`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bool('')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Instrukcje wartunkowe\n",
    "\n",
    "* `if` - instrukcja warunkowa\n",
    "* `else` - alternatywa bezwarunkowa\n",
    "* `elif` - alternatywa warunkowa\n",
    "* wyrażenie warunkowe\n",
    "* switch?!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "tak\n",
      "tak\n",
      "nie, jest równy 1\n",
      "tak, jest równy 3\n",
      "tak\n",
      "tak\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 3\n",
    "data = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "if x in data:\n",
    "    print('tak')\n",
    "    print('tak')\n",
    "    \n",
    "    if x == 1:\n",
    "        print('tak, jest równy 1')\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('nie, jest równy 1')\n",
    "        \n",
    "        if x == 3:\n",
    "            print('tak, jest równy 3')\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            print('nie, jest równy 3')\n",
    "            \n",
    "\n",
    "    print('tak')\n",
    "    print('tak')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('nie')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Idź do szkoły\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wiek = 7\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "if wiek <= 18:\n",
    "    print('Idź do szkoły')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Idź do szkoły\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wiek = 7\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "if 0 < wiek <= 18:\n",
    "    print('Idź do szkoły')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "wiek = 7\n",
    "x = 22\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "if 0 < wiek <= 18 \\\n",
    "        and 18 < x < 21:\n",
    "\n",
    "    print('Idź do szkoły')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "liceum\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wiek = 17\n",
    "\n",
    "if 0 < wiek <= 15:\n",
    "    print('podstawówka')\n",
    "elif 15 < wiek <= 19:\n",
    "    print('liceum')\n",
    "elif 19 < wiek <= 25:\n",
    "    print('studia')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('nie')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2 elementy\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = [1, 2]\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "if len(x) == 1:\n",
    "    print('1 element')\n",
    "elif len(x) == 2:\n",
    "    print('2 elementy')\n",
    "elif len(x) == 3:\n",
    "    print('3 elementy')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('jest jakiś inny')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 12\n",
    "czy_parzysta = None\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "if x % 2 == 0:\n",
    "    czy_parzysta = True\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    czy_parzysta = False\n",
    "    \n",
    "    \n",
    "print(czy_parzysta)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "parzysta\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 14\n",
    "status = 'parzysta' if x % 2 == 0 else 'nieparzysta'\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "if status == 'parzysta':\n",
    "    ...\n",
    "\n",
    "print(status)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Podaj język: en\n",
      "Good morning\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lang = input('Podaj język: ')\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "switch = {\n",
    "    'pl': 'Witaj',\n",
    "    'en': 'Good morning',\n",
    "}.get(lang, 'I don\\'t speak this language')\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "print(switch)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Algebra Boola\n",
    "\n",
    "* koniunkcja\n",
    "* alternatywa\n",
    "* przynależność\n",
    "* tożsamość\n",
    "* negacja"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 114,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Witaj Jan Twardowski\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "firstname = 'Jan'\n",
    "lastname = 'Twardowski'\n",
    "\n",
    "if (firstname == 'Jan' and lastname == 'Twardowski') \\\n",
    "        or (firstname == 'Mark' and lastname == 'Watney') \\\n",
    "        or (firstname == 'Melissa' and lastname == 'Lewis') \\\n",
    "        or (firstname == 'Alex' and lastname == 'Vogel'):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    print(f'Witaj {firstname} {lastname}')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('Nie chcemy Ciebie tutaj')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Wyjątki\n",
    "\n",
    "* najpopularniejsze wyjątki\n",
    "* hierarchia wyjątków\n",
    "* podnoszenie wyjątków\n",
    "* asercje\n",
    "* stos wywołań\n",
    "* kod wyjścia\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "BaseException\n",
    " +-- SystemExit\n",
    " +-- KeyboardInterrupt\n",
    " +-- GeneratorExit\n",
    " +-- Exception\n",
    "      +-- StopIteration\n",
    "      +-- StopAsyncIteration\n",
    "      +-- ArithmeticError\n",
    "      |    +-- FloatingPointError\n",
    "      |    +-- OverflowError\n",
    "      |    +-- ZeroDivisionError\n",
    "      +-- AssertionError\n",
    "      +-- AttributeError\n",
    "      +-- BufferError\n",
    "      +-- EOFError\n",
    "      +-- ImportError\n",
    "      +-- LookupError\n",
    "      |    +-- IndexError\n",
    "      |    +-- KeyError\n",
    "      +-- MemoryError\n",
    "      +-- NameError\n",
    "      |    +-- UnboundLocalError\n",
    "      +-- OSError\n",
    "      |    +-- BlockingIOError\n",
    "      |    +-- ChildProcessError\n",
    "      |    +-- ConnectionError\n",
    "      |    |    +-- BrokenPipeError\n",
    "      |    |    +-- ConnectionAbortedError\n",
    "      |    |    +-- ConnectionRefusedError\n",
    "      |    |    +-- ConnectionResetError\n",
    "      |    +-- FileExistsError\n",
    "      |    +-- FileNotFoundError\n",
    "      |    +-- InterruptedError\n",
    "      |    +-- IsADirectoryError\n",
    "      |    +-- NotADirectoryError\n",
    "      |    +-- PermissionError\n",
    "      |    +-- ProcessLookupError\n",
    "      |    +-- TimeoutError\n",
    "      +-- ReferenceError\n",
    "      +-- RuntimeError\n",
    "      |    +-- NotImplementedError\n",
    "      |    +-- RecursionError\n",
    "      +-- SyntaxError\n",
    "      |    +-- IndentationError\n",
    "      |         +-- TabError\n",
    "      +-- SystemError\n",
    "      +-- TypeError\n",
    "      +-- ValueError\n",
    "      |    +-- UnicodeError\n",
    "      |         +-- UnicodeDecodeError\n",
    "      |         +-- UnicodeEncodeError\n",
    "      |         +-- UnicodeTranslateError\n",
    "      +-- Warning\n",
    "           +-- DeprecationWarning\n",
    "           +-- PendingDeprecationWarning\n",
    "           +-- RuntimeWarning\n",
    "           +-- SyntaxWarning\n",
    "           +-- UserWarning\n",
    "           +-- FutureWarning\n",
    "           +-- ImportWarning\n",
    "           +-- UnicodeWarning\n",
    "           +-- BytesWarning\n",
    "           +-- ResourceWarning\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 115,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "AttributeError",
     "evalue": "'str' object has no attribute 'append'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-115-403b57a16390>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mname\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'Jan'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mname\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mappend\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'Twardowski'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'str' object has no attribute 'append'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name = 'Jan'\n",
    "\n",
    "name.append('Twardowski')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 116,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import math"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 117,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ModuleNotFoundError",
     "evalue": "No module named 'match'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mModuleNotFoundError\u001b[0m                       Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-117-69b8bd9d82b8>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mimport\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmatch\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mModuleNotFoundError\u001b[0m: No module named 'match'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import match"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 119,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "IndexError",
     "evalue": "list index out of range",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mIndexError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-119-30b6840d23c7>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m100\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mIndexError\u001b[0m: list index out of range"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "\n",
    "a[100]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 122,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "KeyError",
     "evalue": "'x'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-122-3e832067bd26>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m{\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'a'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'b'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m}\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'x'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'x'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = {'a':1, 'b':2}\n",
    "\n",
    "data['x']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 123,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'imie' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-123-6c6c1d09696f>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mimie\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'imie' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(imie)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 126,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "invalid syntax (<ipython-input-126-be7a6796e6f3>, line 1)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;36m  File \u001b[0;32m\"<ipython-input-126-be7a6796e6f3>\"\u001b[0;36m, line \u001b[0;32m1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m    if True\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m           ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m invalid syntax\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if True\n",
    "    print('ok')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 129,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "ok1\n",
      "ok2\n",
      "ok3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if True:\n",
    "    print('ok\"hello\"1')\n",
    "    print('ok2')\n",
    "    print('ok3')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 130,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-130-26bdb6c0bdd3>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;36m42\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'a'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "42 + 'a'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 132,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'a42'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 132,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'a' + 42"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 136,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "list indices must be integers or slices, not float",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-136-e92612b95140>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1.5\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: list indices must be integers or slices, not float"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "\n",
    "a[1.5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 137,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ValueError",
     "evalue": "could not convert string to float: 'a'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-137-688063d46f27>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mfloat\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'a'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: could not convert string to float: 'a'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "float('a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 138,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ValueError",
     "evalue": "invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'a'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-138-233884bacd4e>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'a'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'a'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "int('a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 141,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "KeyboardInterrupt",
     "evalue": "",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-141-b62c9c3479a7>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mwhile\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mTrue\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0;31m    \u001b[0;32mpass\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m: "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    " while True:\n",
    "    pass"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 165,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Podaj liczbę: a\n",
      "Nie podałeś liczby\n",
      "None\n",
      "<class 'NoneType'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = input('Podaj liczbę: ')\n",
    "\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    x = int(x)\n",
    "except ValueError:\n",
    "    try:\n",
    "        x = float(x)\n",
    "    except ValueError:\n",
    "        print('Nie podałeś liczby')\n",
    "        x = None\n",
    "        \n",
    "    \n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "print(type(x))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 178,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ValueError",
     "evalue": "nie może być wartości ujemnych",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-178-7a35b6460d07>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m<\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 7\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mValueError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'nie może być wartości ujemnych'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: nie może być wartości ujemnych"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = -1\n",
    "\n",
    "if not isinstance(x, (int, float)):\n",
    "    raise TypeError('Niepoprawny typ')\n",
    "\n",
    "if x < 0:\n",
    "    raise ValueError('nie może być wartości ujemnych')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 184,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "value error\n",
      "robie coś\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 'a'\n",
    "\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    x = float(x)\n",
    "except TypeError:\n",
    "    print('sorry niepoprawy typ')\n",
    "except ValueError:\n",
    "    print('value error')\n",
    "except (RuntimeError, AttributeError):\n",
    "    print('jakis inny blad')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('asdasdas')\n",
    "finally:\n",
    "    print('robie coś')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 191,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = 10\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "assert 0 < x <= 18, 'for kids only'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 205,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import sys\n",
    "\n",
    "MINIMUM_PYTHON = (3, 8)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "assert sys.version_info >= MINIMUM_PYTHON, 'Twoja wersja Python jest nie wspirana'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 207,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "KeyboardInterrupt",
     "evalue": "",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-207-f1365003a976>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mwhile\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mTrue\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      4\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 5\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfloat\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mException\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      7\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;34m...\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m: "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 'a'\n",
    "\n",
    "while True:\n",
    "    try:\n",
    "        x = float(x)\n",
    "    except Exception:\n",
    "        ..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 208,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Cannot type cast to float\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 'hello'\n",
    "\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    float(x)\n",
    "except ValueError:\n",
    "    print('Cannot type cast to float')\n",
    "    exit(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
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   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
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