c06-python-slowniki-lekcja.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Python: Słowniki"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* baza danych key-value\n",
    "* szybkie wyszukiwanie `O(1)`\n",
    "* mutowalne - można dodawać, edytować i usuwać wartości\n",
    "* od Python 3.7 przetrzymują kolejność elementów"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Definiowanie"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data = {}\n",
    "data = dict()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data = {\n",
    "    'imie': 'Jan',\n",
    "    'nazwisko': 'Twardowski'\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data = {\n",
    "    1961: 'Pierwszy człowiek w kosmosie',\n",
    "    1969: 'Pierwsze lądowanie na Księżycu',\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "crew = {\n",
    "    'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',\n",
    "    'botanist': 'Mark Watney',\n",
    "    'chemist': 'Alex Vogel'}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "crew = dict(\n",
    "    commander='Melissa Lewis',\n",
    "    botanist='Mark Watney',\n",
    "    chemist='Alex Vogel',\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'commander': 'Jan Twardowski'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew = {\n",
    "    'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',\n",
    "    'commander': 'Jan Twardowski'\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "crew"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Wyciąganie elementów\n",
    "\n",
    "* `slownik[...]` - getitem\n",
    "* `slownik.get(...)` \n",
    "* `slownik.get(..., ...)`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "crew = {\n",
    "    'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',\n",
    "    'botanist': 'Mark Watney',\n",
    "    'chemist': 'Alex Vogel'}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Melissa Lewis'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew['commander']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "KeyError",
     "evalue": "'pilot'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-9-b4054f7991de>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mcrew\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'pilot'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'pilot'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew['pilot']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Melissa Lewis'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew.get('commander')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "crew.get('pilot')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'-'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew.get('pilot', '-')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Listowanie kluczy, wartości i par"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "crew = {\n",
    "    'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',\n",
    "    'botanist': 'Mark Watney',\n",
    "    'chemist': 'Alex Vogel'}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['commander', 'botanist', 'chemist']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list(crew.keys())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Melissa Lewis', 'Mark Watney', 'Alex Vogel']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list(crew.values())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('commander', 'Melissa Lewis'),\n",
       " ('botanist', 'Mark Watney'),\n",
       " ('chemist', 'Alex Vogel')]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list(crew.items())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Dodawanie i podmiana wartości"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'commander': 'Jan Twardowski',\n",
       " 'botanist': 'Mark Watney',\n",
       " 'chemist': 'Alex Vogel',\n",
       " 'pilot': 'Rick Martinez'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew = {\n",
    "    'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',\n",
    "    'botanist': 'Mark Watney',\n",
    "    'chemist': 'Alex Vogel'}\n",
    "\n",
    "crew['pilot'] = 'Rick Martinez'\n",
    "crew['commander'] = 'Jan Twardowski'\n",
    "\n",
    "crew"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'commander': 'Jan Twardowski',\n",
       " 'botanist': 'Mark Watney',\n",
       " 'chemist': 'Alex Vogel',\n",
       " 'pilot': 'Rick Martinez'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew = {\n",
    "    'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',\n",
    "    'botanist': 'Mark Watney',\n",
    "    'chemist': 'Alex Vogel'}\n",
    "\n",
    "dodatkowe_osoby = {\n",
    "    'commander': 'Jan Twardowski',\n",
    "    'pilot': 'Rick Martinez',\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "crew.update(dodatkowe_osoby)\n",
    "\n",
    "crew"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Usuwanie wartości"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Mark Watney'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew = {\n",
    "    'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',\n",
    "    'botanist': 'Mark Watney',\n",
    "    'chemist': 'Alex Vogel'}\n",
    "\n",
    "left_alone_on_mars = crew.pop('botanist')\n",
    "\n",
    "crew\n",
    "left_alone_on_mars"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'commander': 'Melissa Lewis', 'chemist': 'Alex Vogel'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew = {\n",
    "    'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',\n",
    "    'botanist': 'Mark Watney',\n",
    "    'chemist': 'Alex Vogel'}\n",
    "\n",
    "del crew['botanist']\n",
    "\n",
    "crew"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Getitem i slice"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unhashable type: 'slice'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-43-b46bb0480525>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 7\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mcrew\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unhashable type: 'slice'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew = {\n",
    "    0: 'Melissa Lewis',\n",
    "    1: 'Mark Watney',\n",
    "    2: 'Alex Vogel'}\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "crew[1:2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Dict czy set"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = {}\n",
    "\n",
    "type(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "set"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = set()\n",
    "type(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = {'a': 1}\n",
    "data.pop('a')\n",
    "data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "set()"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = {1}\n",
    "data.pop()\n",
    "data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Liczba elementów"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew = {\n",
    "    'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',\n",
    "    'botanist': 'Mark Watney',\n",
    "    'chemist': 'Alex Vogel'}\n",
    "\n",
    "len(crew)\n",
    "len(crew.keys())\n",
    "len(crew.values())\n",
    "len(crew.items())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Generowanie słowników\n",
    "\n",
    "* para\n",
    "* lista par\n",
    "* enumerate\n",
    "* zip"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "para = [\n",
    "    ('commander', 'Melissa Lewis'),\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "dict(para)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'commander': 'Melissa Lewis', 'botanist': 'Mark Watney'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 65,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "para = [\n",
    "    ('commander', 'Melissa Lewis'),\n",
    "    ('botanist', 'Mark Watney'),\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "dict(para)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{0: 'Melissa Lewis', 1: 'Mark Watney'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "para = [\n",
    "    (0, 'Melissa Lewis'),\n",
    "    (1, 'Mark Watney'),\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "dict(para)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{0: 'Melissa Lewis', 1: 'Mark Watney', 2: 'Alex Vogel'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 72,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew = ['Melissa Lewis', 'Mark Watney', 'Alex Vogel']\n",
    "\n",
    "dict(enumerate(crew))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'commander': 'Melissa Lewis',\n",
       " 'botanist': 'Mark Watney',\n",
       " 'chemist': 'Alex Vogel'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 75,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crew = ['Melissa Lewis', 'Mark Watney', 'Alex Vogel']\n",
    "roles = ['commander', 'botanist', 'chemist']\n",
    "\n",
    "dict(zip(roles, crew))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Zagnieżdżone słowniki\n",
    "\n",
    "* co może być kluczem?\n",
    "* co może być wartością?\n",
    "* lista słowników"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data = {\n",
    "    1: 'int',\n",
    "    2.2: 'float',\n",
    "    True: 'bool',\n",
    "    None: 'NoneType',\n",
    "    'hello': 'str',\n",
    "    (1,2): 'tuple',\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # [1,2]: 'list',\n",
    "    # {1,2}: 'set',\n",
    "    # {'a':1}: 'dict',\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 103,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "9"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 103,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = {\n",
    "    'int': 1,\n",
    "    'float': 2.2,\n",
    "    'bool': False,\n",
    "    'NoneType': None,\n",
    "    'str': 'hello',\n",
    "    'tuple': (1,2),\n",
    "    'list': [1,2],\n",
    "    'set': {1,2},\n",
    "    'dict': {'a': 1},\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "len(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 102,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 102,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = [\n",
    "    {'measurements': [4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2], 'species': 'setosa'},\n",
    "    {'measurements': [7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4], 'species': 'versicolor'},\n",
    "    {'measurements': [7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1], 'species': 'virginica'},\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "len(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data = [\n",
    "    {'sepal_length': 5.4, 'sepal_width': 3.9, 'petal_length': 1.3, 'petal_width': 0.4, 'species': 'setosa'},\n",
    "    {'sepal_length': 5.9, 'sepal_width': 3.0, 'petal_length': 5.1, 'petal_width': 1.8, 'species': 'virginica'},\n",
    "    {'sepal_length': 6.0, 'sepal_width': 3.4, 'petal_length': 4.5, 'petal_width': 1.6, 'species': 'versicolor'},\n",
    "]\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 101,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = {\n",
    "    'date': '1969-07-21',\n",
    "    'age': 42,\n",
    "    'astronaut': {'name': 'Jan Twardowski', 'medals': {'Medal of Honor', 'Purple Heart'}},\n",
    "    'agency': ['POLSA', 'Roscosmos', 'ESA'],\n",
    "    'location': ('Baikonur', 'Johnson Space Center'),\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "len(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 104,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hash(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 107,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "507285462027013122"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 107,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hash(2.22)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 108,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "7703146556394858103"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 108,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hash('a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 109,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "-3550055125485641917"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 109,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hash((1,2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 110,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unhashable type: 'list'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-110-9ce67481a686>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mhash\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unhashable type: 'list'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hash([1,2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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